Table 2.
Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model results for gastric intestinal metaplasia formation over time
|
Predictor
|
GIM
|
|
|
HR (95%CI)
|
P
value
|
|
| Age | 1.04 (1.02, 1.05) | < 0.001 |
| Age (ref: ≤ 45) | ||
| 46-55 | 2.13 (1.08, 4.19) | 0.028 |
| 56-65 | 2.09 (1.08, 4.03) | 0.029 |
| > 65 | 4.03 (2.17, 7.48) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 0.81 (0.58, 1.14) | 0.229 |
| Race/Ethnicity (ref: Caucasians) | ||
| African American | 2.12 (1.16, 3.87) | 0.015 |
| Hispanic | 2.79 (1.09, 7.13) | 0.032 |
| Other | 3.19 (1.50, 6.76) | 0.003 |
| Obesity (BMI > 30) | 0.58 (0.38, 0.88) | 0.010 |
| Gastritis | 1.62 (1.07, 2.44) | 0.022 |
| H. pylori (ref: Baseline: Neg, follow-up: Neg) | ||
| Baseline: Neg, follow-up: Pos | 0.88 (0.45, 1.7) | 0.695 |
| Baseline: Pos, follow-up: Neg | 1.16 (0.7, 1.94) | 0.563 |
| Baseline: Pos, follow-up: Pos | 1.02 (0.37, 2.8) | 0.966 |
| PPI Usage at follow-up | 0.81 (0.57, 1.14) | 0.225 |
| PPI Usage Baseline | 0.80 (0.54, 1.20) | 0.280 |
| Aspirin Use at follow-up (81 mg) | 1.49 (1.04, 2.14) | 0.031 |
| Aspirin Use Baseline (81 mg) | 1.45 (0.98, 2.13) | 0.063 |
| Smoking status (ref: Never) | ||
| Previous smoker | 1.35 (0.89, 2.04) | 0.161 |
| Current smoker | 1.01 (0.61, 1.68) | 0.972 |
| Blood group (ref: Group A) | ||
| Blood group B | 1.07 (0.56, 2.07) | 0.835 |
| Blood group O | 0.66 (0.38, 1.14) | 0.135 |
| Blood group AB | 0.24 (0.03, 1.77) | 0.161 |
| Haemoglobin level at follow-up | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 0.962 |
| Haemoglobin level at baseline | 0.83 (0.74, 0.93) | 0.001 |
GIM: Gastric intestinal metaplasia; HR: Hazard ratio; BMI: Body mass index; PPI: Proton pump inhibitors; Neg: Negative; Pos: Positive.