Table 1. Comparison of Different Heterogeneous Acidic Catalysts in the Synthesis of HMFa.
selectivity %b |
b | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
# | acidic catalyst | HMF | OBMF | yield % |
1 | Amberlyst-15 | 98 | 2 | 64 |
2 | Amberlyst-36 | 98 | 2 | 65 |
3 | Purolite CT151 | 94 | 6 | 66 |
4 | Purolite CT269 | 97 | 3 | 67 |
5 | Purolite CT275 | 96 | 4 | 63 |
6 | Purolite CT275DR | 98 | 2 | 73 |
Reaction conditions: 3.75 g of d-fructose was dissolved in 30 mL of DMC/TEAB (20% wt.) in the presence of a heterogeneous acidic catalyst (10% wt.), in an autoclave at 110 °C for 2 h.
Estimated via 1H-NMR.