Table 3. Scale-Up HMF Reactions in an Autoclave^a.

			selectivity %b
D-fruct. g	DMC mL	crude HMF g	HMF	OBMF	HMF yield %b	HMF crystals yield %	HMF-rich oil g	BHMF yield %c	total yield %d
10	40	5.37	98	2	73	47	1.86	75 (18)	65
20	80	11.21	98	2	76	44	4.61	78 (21)	65
30	120	17.08	97	2	77	45	6.72	70 (19)	64
40	160	22.76	96	4	72	46	7.92	73 (17)	63

^aReaction conditions: d-fructose was dissolved in DMC/TEAB in the presence of Purolite CT275DR (5% wt.) at 110 °C in an autoclave for 2 h.

^bEvaluated via ¹H-NMR spectroscopy.

^cIsolated yield calculated with respect to the HMF contained in the residual oil; in parenthesis, yield calculated with respect to the starting amount of d-fructose.

^dConsidered as HMF crystals + HMF converted into BHMF.