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. 2022 Oct 21;12(10):e064288. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064288

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Conceptual model of the ECHO-PATHWAYS study and specific aims. ¹CRH is being measured in the CANDLE and GAPPS-PW cohorts only. ²Placental transcriptomes are being sequenced in the CANDLE and GAPPS-PW cohorts only. ³Lung function growth will be estimated in the CANDLE cohort; TIDES and GAPPS-PW will measure lung function at one time point (age 8-9 years). BBzP, benzyl butyl phthalate; CRH, corticotropin releasing hormone; DINP, diisononyl phthalate; DEHP, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; O3, ozone; PM2.5, particulate matter of 2.5 microns in diameter or less; uEDC, urinary endocrine disrupting chemical.