Fig. 1.

Circulating sEV SEMA5A-IT1 was significantly elevated after CPB surgery. A Representative picture of the ultrastructure of pre-sEVs and post-sEVs observed by TEM. B The protein levels of CD9 and CD81 in the two types of sEV. C Hierarchical clustering analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs in pre-sEVs (n = 5) and post-sEVs (n = 5) using lncRNA microarray. D Volcano plot of differentially expressed lncRNAs in pre-sEVs and post-sEVs. The red dots indicate upregulated lncRNAs in post-sEVs. Green dots indicate downregulated lncRNAs in post-sEVs. E Validation of the five lncRNAs with the most significant difference by qRT-PCR. F The location of SEMA5A-IT1 on the human chromosome from UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome.ucsc.edu/). G The coding-potential analysis using PhyloCSF. *p < 0.05. ***p < 0.001. H RT-qPCR was performed to examine the levels of SEMA5A-IT1 in sEVs derived from patients’ serum before and after CPB. I The correlation between SEMA5A-IT1 in post-EVs and CK-MB, LVEF, LVESD, LVEDD, CPB duration, operation duration, and aorta occlusion duration. **p < 0.01