Table 1.
Included study details
| References | Patient population | Continuous patients | Intermittent patients | Bolus patients | Continuous dose | Intermittent dose | Bolus dose | Caloric estimate | % Continuous target goal | % Intermittent target goal | % Bolus target goal | APACHE II continuous | APACHE II intermittent | APACHE II bolus | Study type | PEDro score | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kocan and Hickisch [21] | Neurology/neurosurgical ICU | 17 | 17 | 0 | < 120 mL/h | < 370 mL/h 1 h infusion Q4H | NA | Wilmore nomogram | 62.2 | 55.9 | NA | ND | ND | NA | RCT | 4 | NA |
| Bonten et al. [22] | Mechanically ventilated mixed ICU | 30 | 30 | 0 | < 83.3 mL/h | < 111.1 mL/h 18 h infusion | NA | ND | ND | ND | ND | 19 (13–23)a | 17 (13–22)a | NA | RCT | 6 | NA |
| Chen et al. [23] | Mechanically ventilated mixed ICU | 51 | 0 | 56 | Q24H | NA | 20 min infusion Q4H to Q6H | 25 kcal/kg/day | ND | ND | ND | 13a | NA | 14a | RCT | 6 | NA |
| Evans et al. [24] | Neurology/ Neurosurgical ICU | 24 | 0 | 26 | Q24H | NA | ND | ND | ND | NA | ND | 14.6 (4.26) | NA | 14.0 (4.37) | RCT | 7 | NA |
| Maurya et al. [25] | Neurology/ Neurosurgical ICU | 20 | 20 | NA | Q24H | NA | Unspecified infusion rate Q3H | 30 kcal/kg/day | ND | NA | ND | ND | NA | ND | RCT | 7 | NA |
| Gowardman et al. [26] | Mixed ICU | 12 | 15 | 0 | Q24H | 18 h infusion | NA | 30 kcal/kg/day | 53 | 23 | NA | 20 | 15 | NA | RCT | 8 | NA |
| MacLeod et al. [27] | Trauma ICU | 81 | 79 | 0 | Q24H | 30–60 min infusion Q4H | NA | 25 kcal/kg/day | 58.3 | 60.2 | NA | 14 (10–17)a | 12 (9–16)a | NA | RCT | 8 | NA |
| McNelly et al. [28] | Mechanically ventilated mixed ICU | 59 | 0 | 62 | Q24H | NA | 5 min infusion Q6H | Penn-State equation or 25 kcal/kg/day | 72.5 | NA | 82.4 | 20.2 (18.2–22.3)a | NA | 23.1 (19.9–26.2)a | RCT | 9 | NA |
| Nasiri et al. [29] | Mixed ICU | 30 | 0 | 30 | 18 h/day | NA | 20 min infusion Q3H | Harris-Benedict equation | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | RCT | 6 | NA |
| Shahriari et al. [30] | Mixed ICU | 25 | 0 | 25 | Q24H | NA | 20 min infusion Q6H | Harris-Benedict equation | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | RCT | 6 | NA |
| Serpa et al. [31] | Mixed ICU | 14 | 14 | 0 | Q24H | 1 h infusion Q3H | NA | 25 kcal/kg/day | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | RCT | 7 | NA |
| Spilker et al. [32] | Mechanically ventilated mixed ICU | 13 | 13 | 0 | Q24H | 18 h infusion | NA | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Case–Control | NA | 6 |
| Steevens et al. [33] | Mixed ICU | 9 | 0 | 9 | Q24H | NA | 15 min infusion Q4H | 25–30 kcal/kg/day | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | RCT | 6 | NA |
| de Araujo et al. [34] | Mixed ICU | 23 | 18 | 0 | Q24H | 18 h infusion | NA | 25–30 kcal/kg/day | ND | ND | ND | 22.4 (6.05) | 20.7 (4.95) | NA | RCT | 7 | NA |
ICU intensive care unit, NA not applicable, ND not described, NOS Newcastle Ottawa Score, Q24H administered every 24 h, i.e. continuous, Q3H administered every 3 h, Q6H administered every 6 h, Q4H administered every 4 h, RCT randomised controlled trial
aMedian and interquartile range