Table 2:

Descriptive Characteristics of Parents by Metro Status

	Total	Urban	Rural	P-value
n	3,742	3,008	734
Demographic characteristics
Age (%)				0.880
50–59	43.3	43.4	43.0
60–69	33.2	33.0	34.5
70–79	15.6	15.6	15.6
80+	7.8	8.0	7.0
Race (%)				<0.001
White	83.7	81.5	92.9
Black	10.0	11.0	6.0
Other	6.3	7.5	1.1
Male (%)	45.7	45.7	45.7	0.980
Married or cohabiting (%)	72.7	72.7	72.9	0.941
Socioeconomic status
Education (%)				<0.001
Less than high school	10.1	9.7	11.8
Completed high school	34.7	32.3	44.6
Some college	23.1	23.1	23.0
Completed college	16.9	18.3	11.0
More than college	15.3	16.6	9.6
Income (%)				<0.001
< $25,000	16.2	14.9	21.6
$25,000 to <$50,000	20.5	19.3	25.8
$50,000 to <$75,000	17.5	17.9	20.0
>=$75,000	45.8	49.0	32.7
Missing
Proximity and Support
Proximity of nearest child (%)				<0.001
Co-reside	24.6	26.7	15.9
<30 miles	54.0	53.7	55.3
30 to <200 miles	10.9	8.6	20.6
200 to <500 miles	4.7	5.1	3.1
>=500 miles	5.8	6.0	5.1
Help from children (%)	26.7	25.2	32.9	0.003
Money from children (%)	11.7	12.5	8.3	0.022
Parental Health
Poor Health in 2013 (%)	20.8	20.8	20.7	0.940
Poor Health in 2017 (%)	25.3	24.6	28.0	0.138
Functional Limitation in 2013 (%)	28.0	27.2	31.2	0.080
Functional Limitation in 2017 (%)	34.1	32.8	39.4	0.007

P-value of Pearson’s Chi-squared Test for categorical variables.

All estimates are weighted and clustered at the family level.