TABLE 1. General characteristics of the participants according to sex.
|
Variable |
Women n = 108 |
Men n = 51 |
pa |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Education ≤ 9 years, n (%) |
62 (57.4) |
31 (60.8) |
0.69 |
|
Current smokers, n (%) |
29 (29.3) |
8 (16.3) |
0.087 |
|
Alcohol use, n (%) |
28 (28.3) |
27 (55.1) |
0.0015 |
|
Hypertension, n (%) |
34 (31.5) |
14 (27.5) |
0.61 |
|
On antihypertensive drugsb |
25 (73.5) |
10 (71.4) |
0.99 |
|
Diabetes, n (%) |
8 (7.4) |
5 (9.8) |
0.61 |
|
Age, (years)c |
49.5±15.3 |
50.4±16.0 |
0.71 |
|
BMI (kg/m2)c |
28.6±5.7 |
28.7±4.8 |
0.94 |
|
Waist/height ratioc |
0.57±0.08 |
0.59±0.07 |
0.24 |
|
Systolic BP (mm Hg)c |
122.4±15.8 |
127.6±36.4 |
0.33 |
|
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)c |
78.9±9.2 |
80.0±8.4 |
0.44 |
|
UNa (g/day)c |
3.3±1.4 |
4.3±2.0 |
0.0025 |
|
UNa-P (g/kg/day)c |
0.046±0.017 |
0.050±0.021 |
0.20 |
|
UK (g/day)c |
2.1±0.72 |
2.4±0.95 |
0.039 |
|
Ratio UNa/UKc |
1.68±0.69 |
1.90±0.81 |
0.068 |
|
Urinary volume (L/24-h)c |
1.62±0.61 |
1.82±0.70 |
0.071 |
|
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)c |
94.0±21.8 |
101.5±32.0 |
0.13 |
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)c |
207.8±42.0 |
202.5±31.4 |
0.38 |
|
TG/HDLc ratioc |
2.75±2.18 |
4.53±7.50 |
0.10 |
|
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)c |
96.9±19.5 |
95.3±18.4 |
0.62 |
Chi-square test, Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney test as appropriate.
p-value for the difference according to sex.
Of the hypertensive participants.
Mean values ± SD.
BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; UNa: urinary sodium excretion; UNa-P urinary sodium excretion adjusted for body weight; UK urinary potassium excretion; TG/HDLc Triglycerides/high-density lipoproteins cholesterol ratio; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate, derived from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Current smokers were considered those who declared current use of cigarettes for smoking. Alcohol use was considered if participants reported currently drinking alcohol at least once a week. Hypertension was defined as BP of at least 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic or use of antihypertensive drugs. Diabetes was defined as self-reported diagnosis, a fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL or higher or use of antidiabetic drugs.
Source: The authors based on these results and published data.