Table 3. Cox proportional hazard ratio with 95% CI of incident hospitalized HFpEF events by quartiles of baseline RMSSD, SDNN and rHR.
| Quartiles | HFpEF (n = 27,606) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Person-years | Rate per 1000 person-years (95% CI) | Model 1 HR (95% CI) | Model 2 HR (95% CI) | Model 3 HR (95% CI) | |
| RMSSD (ms) | ||||||
| Q1 (1.24–10.51) | 303 | 101,456 | 2.98 (2.66–3.33) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) | 1.16 (0.96–1.38) | 1.16 (0.97–1.39) |
| Q2 | 255 | 104,954 | 2.43 (2.14–2.74) | 1.02 (0.85–1.21) | 1.02 (0.85–1.23) | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) |
| Q3 | 221 | 113,193 | 1.95 (1.71–2.22) | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) | 0.94 (0.74–1.14) | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) |
| Q4 (ref) (25.61–361.23) | 246 | 117,743 | 2.08 (1.84–2.36) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| P-trend | 0.098 | 0.176 | 0.175 | |||
| SDNN (ms) | ||||||
| Q1 (0.91–10.19) | 318 | 101,394 | 3.13 (2.80–3.49) | 1.31 (1.11–1.56)* | 1.22 (1.02–1.47)* | 1.22 (1.02–1.47)* |
| Q2 | 254 | 106,634 | 2.38 (2.10–2.68) | 1.10 (0.91–1.31) | 1.06 (0.87–1.28) | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) |
| Q3 | 227 | 113,240 | 2.00 (1.75–2.27) | 0.98 (0.92–1.18) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) |
| Q4 (ref) (24.17–313.20) | 226 | 116,079 | 1.94 (1.70–2.21) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| P-trend | 0.004 | 0.042 | 0.043 | |||
| rHR (bpm) | ||||||
| Q1 (Ref) (33–59) | 235 | 113,786 | 2.06 (1.81–2.34) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Q2 | 229 | 106,019 | 2.16 (1.89–2.45) | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) |
| Q3 | 255 | 110,205 | 2.31 (2.04–2.61) | 1.14 (0.95–1.36) | 1.12 (0.92–1.36) | 1.12 (0.92–1.36) |
| Q4 (73–123) | 306 | 107,335 | 2.85 (2.54–3.18) | 1.54 (1.30–1.82)* | 1.34 (1.11–1.62)* | 1.34 (1.11–1.62)* |
| P-trend | <0.001 | <0.002 | 0.002 | |||
Model 1: adjusted for age and race
Model 2: Model 1 + adjusted for smoking status, alcohol, education, physical activity, BMI, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, LVH, beta-blocker use, calcium channel blocker use, hormone therapy use
Model 3: model 2 + adjusted for time-varying incident CHD
Bpm: beats per minute; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; ms: millisecond; SDNN: standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR interval; RMSSD: root mean square of successive difference of RR intervals; rHR: resting heart rate
*p < 0.05