Table 2. Longitudinal comparison of cardiac parameters and plasma cardiac biomarkers in dengue fever, dengue with warning signs, severe dengue patients and controls.
| Controls (n = 30) | DF (n = 36) | DWS (n = 43) | SD (n = 11) | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stroke Index, mL/m 2 | |||||
| Febrile phase | 43 (35–47) | 39.5 (36–43) | 38 (30–42) | 32 (31–36) | 0.08 |
| Critical phase | 35 (32–40) | 32 (27–38) | 30 (27–34) | <0.001 | |
| Early recovery phase | 35 (32–44) | 36 (28–42) | 28 (25–35) | 0.14 | |
| Late recovery phase | 40 (37–46) | 41 (37–45) | 34 (31–41) | 0.10 | |
| Cardiac Index, L/min/m 2 | |||||
| Febrile phase | 2.9 (2.6–3.2) | 3.1 (2.5–3.5) | 2.8 (2.2–3.2) | 3.5 (2.8–3.6) | 0.28 |
| Critical phase | 2.6 (2.3–2.9) | 2.5 (1.9–2.9) | 2.6 (2.2–3.4) | 0.03 | |
| Early recovery phase | 2.7 (2.3–2.9) | 2.5 (2.1–3) | 2.4 (2.1–2.6) | 0.3 | |
| Late recovery phase | 3.0 (2.6–3.5) | 3.0 (2.7–3.4) | 3.0 (2.1–3.3) | 0.36 | |
| Granov Goor Index | |||||
| Febrile phase | 12.9 (11.6–14.6) | 13.2 (10.4–13.8) | 11.6 (9.5–13.4) | 10.5 (9.2–10.5)) | 0.07 |
| Critical Phase | 11.2 (9.7–12.5) | 10.2 (8.4–11.8) | 9 (8.5–12.2) | <0.001 | |
| Early Recovery Phase | 11.4 (9.5–13.4) | 11 (8.8–12.3) | 9.2 (8.5–10.8) | 0.041 | |
| Late Recovery Phase | 13.1 (11.2–14.8) | 13.0 (11.6–14.8) | 10.3 (9.3–13.1) | 0.20 | |
| Soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2, ng/ml | |||||
| Febrile phase | 2.25 (1.85–4.18) | 23.50 (7.69–31.19) | 29.13 (16.55–36.66) | 44.39 (38.70–46.04) | <0.001 |
| Critical phase | 17.80 (11.63–32.45) | 21.84 (13.21–32.62) | 43.79 (36.011–60.14) | <0.001 | |
| Early recovery phase | 10.66 (8.56–37.56) | 11.13 (9.226–20.47) | 27.53 (20.648–45.70) | 0.01 | |
| Late recovery phase | 6.062 (3.51–7.66) | 6.135 (4.00–12.78) | 8.912 (8.60–9.09) | 0.06 | |
| Troponin T, ng/mL | |||||
| Febrile phase | 2.47 (0–4.46) | 6.79 (2.04–9.57) | 5.67 (2.25–7.61) | 2.32 (1.56–8.09) | 0.039 |
| Critical phase | Below limit of detection (0–1.85) | Below limit of detection (0–0.5) | 2.1 (0–7.1) | 0.03 | |
| Early recovery phase | Below limit of detection (0–0.37) | Below limit of detection (0–0.25) | Below limit of detection (0–0.332) | NA | |
| Late recovery phase | Below limit of detection (0–0.665) | Below limit of detection (0–0.623) | Below limit of detection (0–0.709) | NA | |
| N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, ng/ml | |||||
| Febrile Phase | 1.5 (1.4–1.8) | 2.1 (1.8–3.4) | 1.9 (1.6–3.3) | 1.9 (1.5–3.4) | 0.01 |
| Critical Phase | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 1.9 (1.7–3.4) | 0.001 | |
| Early Recovery Phase | 1.9 (1.6–2.0) | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 1.9 (1.7–1.9) | 0.50 | |
| Late Recovery Phase | 2.0 (1.7–2.3) | 2.0 (1.7–2.1) | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | 0.32 | |
Data are median (interquartile range), unless otherwise indicated. P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significantly (in bold).
aANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis for comparisons across the four groups