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. 2022 Oct 17;20(5):408–423. doi: 10.1089/hs.2022.0014

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© Anne M. Arnold et al., 2022; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.

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Figure 3. — Ethical, safety and security, and environmental concerns arising from NP-mediated physiological or cognitive enhancements and NP-mediated manipulation of genetics, drugs, and the immune system. Abbreviation: NP, nanoparticle.