Table 1.

Collaborative Global and US Nanoparticle Oversight Frameworks

International
Organization/Council	Committee/Act/Strategy	Responsibilities/ Goals	Participating Countries	References
Canada–US Regulatory Cooperation Council		Develop consistent policies on NP oversight	Canada, United States	27,28
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development	OECD Working Party	Understand properties and risks of NPs	Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States	27-29
International Organization for Standardization	Technical Committee 229	Establish NP standards	Great Britain, Switzerlanda	27,30
ASTM International	Committee E56 (Nanotechnology)	Establish NP standards	Canada, India, Italy, United States	31,32
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung	Establish NP standards	Germany	33
International Electrotechnical Commission	Technical Committee 113	Standardize nano-based electrotechnical products	Germany, Koreaa	34,35
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers	Nanotechnology Council	Coordinate and advance nanotechnology	United Statesa	36,37

United States
Organization	Acts/Strategies	Responsibilities/ Goals	References
American National Standards Institute Nanotechnology Standards Panel	ANSI-NSP Nanotechnology Standards Database	Establish NP standards	38
US Environmental Protection Agency	Nanomaterial Research Strategy	Study NPs that pose human and environmental risks	39,40
	Toxic Substances and Control Act	Review safety of new chemicals	39,41,42
	Safe Drinking Water Act	Regulate NPs materials in potable water supplies	42,43
	Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act	Oversee NPs materials used as pesticides	42,43
	Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act	Provide “Superfunds” to remediate hazardous orphan sites	42,44
	Resource Conservation and Recovery Act	Control hazardous waste from inception to grave	42,46
	Clean Water Act	Regulate emissions of materials into surface waters	42,47
	Clean Air Act	Regulate air emission of materials into air	42,48
	Nanotechnology Task Force	Determine regulatory approaches for nano-based products	49
US Food and Drug Administration	Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; Center for Devices and Radiological Health Federal	Regulate nano-based therapies, products, and devices	28,50-52
	US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Administration	NIOSH Nanotechnology Research Center	Lead the health and safety initiative for nanotechnology	53

^a Denotes countries represented by the committee and council members, where some positions are elected or appointed terms (as of August 2022). The International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission have members in 167⁵⁴ and 88 countries,⁵⁵ respectively, while the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has chapters in more than 14 countries (as of August 2022).⁵⁶ Note that this is not a comprehensive list of the international or US nanotechnology oversight frameworks. Abbreviations: ANSI, American National Standards Institute; IEC, International Electrotechnical Commission; NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; NP, nanoparticle; NSP, Nanotechnology Standards Panel.