TABLE 2.
Construct measurement and summary statistics.
| Item | References | Cronbach’s α | Mean | SD |
| Information seeking and learning (cognitive) | Papacharissi and Rubin, 2000; van der Heijden, 2004 | 0.95 | ||
| ISL1: Watching live streaming, I make better informed decisions than in the past | 3.44 | 1.75 | ||
| ISL2: Watching live streaming, I am better informed about what is going on | 4.08 | 1.70 | ||
| ISL3: Watching live streaming, I find information I would not otherwise have found | 4.29 | 1.78 | ||
| ISL4: Watching live streaming, I am better informed about new knowledge | 4.04 | 1.81 | ||
| ISL5: Watching live streaming helps me look for information on new knowledge | 4.28 | 1.83 | ||
| ISL6: Watching live streaming helps me see what new knowledge is out there | 4.46 | 1.76 | ||
| Perceived enjoyment (affective) | Venkatesh, 2000 | 0.92 | ||
| ENJ1: I find watching live streaming to be enjoyable | 3.68 | 1.74 | ||
| ENJ2: Watching live streaming is exciting | 3.32 | 1.79 | ||
| ENJ3: I have fun watching live streaming | 3.74 | 1.77 | ||
| Recognition by peers (personal integrative) | Hernandez et al., 2011 | 0.93 | ||
| REC1: I like when other viewers take my comments into account | 4.14 | 1.97 | ||
| REC2: I feel good when my comments prove to other viewers that I have knowledge about the topics under discussion | 4.44 | 1.97 | ||
| REC3: I try that my comments improve my reputation among other viewers | 3.54 | 1.98 | ||
| REC4: I like when streamers take my suggestions | 4.12 | 2.08 | ||
| Companionship (social integrative) | Smock et al., 2011 | 0.88 | ||
| COM1: Watching live streaming, I don’t have to be alone | 3.81 | 1.92 | ||
| COM2: I watch live streaming when there’s no one else to talk or be with | 3.16 | 2.03 | ||
| COM3: Watching live streaming makes me feel less lonely | 3.18 | 1.89 | ||
| Shared emotional connection (social integrative) | Chavis et al., 2008 | 0.93 | ||
| SEC1: It is very important to me to be a part of the live stream community | 2.33 | 1.70 | ||
| SEC2: I spend time with other live stream community members a lot and enjoy spending time with them | 2.15 | 1.55 | ||
| SEC3: I expect to be a part of the live stream community for a long time | 2.58 | 1.90 | ||
| SEC4: Members of the live stream community have shared important events together | 3.00 | 1.80 | ||
| SEC5: Members of the live stream community care about each other | 2.85 | 1.83 | ||
| Escape (tension release) | Smock et al., 2011 | 0.91 | ||
| ESC1: Watching live streaming, I can forget about school, work, or other things | 3.24 | 1.89 | ||
| ESC2: Watching live streaming, I can get away from the rest of my family or others | 3.01 | 1.85 | ||
| ESC3: Watching live streaming, I can get away from what I’m doing | 3.09 | 1.83 | ||
| Distraction (tension release) | Smock et al., 2011 | 0.91 | ||
| DIS1: Watching live streaming is a habit, just something I do | 2.62 | 1.80 | ||
| DIS2: When I have nothing better to do, I watch live streaming | 2.85 | 1.84 | ||
| DIS3: Watching live streaming passes the time away, particularly when I’m bored | 3.43 | 1.94 | ||
| DIS4: Watching live streaming gives me something to do to occupy my time | 2.81 | 1.77 | ||
| Relaxation (tension release) | Smock et al., 2011 | 0.95 | ||
| REL1: Watching live streaming relaxes me | 3.72 | 1.89 | ||
| REL2: Watching live streaming allows me to unwind | 3.60 | 1.88 | ||
| REL3: Watching live streaming is a pleasant rest | 3.74 | 1.94 |