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. 2022 Oct 18;2022:4812993. doi: 10.1155/2022/4812993

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Copyright © 2022 Eman Fawzy El Azab and Shaymaa Abdulmalek.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Gene expression profile of neuroinflammatory markers in all studied groups: (a) TNF-α expression in the brain of young rats, (b) TNF-α expression in the brain of aged rats, (c) IL-6 expression in the brain of young rats, (d) IL-6 expression in the brain of aged rats, (e) IL-1β expression in the brain of young rats, (f) IL-1β expression in the brain of aged rats, (g) IDO-1 expression in the brain of young rats, (h) IDO-1 expression in the brain of aged rats, (i) MCP-1 expression in the brain of young rats, and (j) MCP-1 expression in the brain of aged rats. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). Means of the same measured parameter with different letters in each bar (A–D) are significantly different (p < 0.01); the largest data value takes the letter (A), and the smallest data value takes the letter (D).