Table 5.
The semiquantitative grading system of brain histopathological alterations.
| Scored brain lesions | Incidence1 and severity2 of histopathological lesions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aged control | Young HFD | Aged HFD | Young HFD-geraniol | Aged HFD-geraniol | Young HFD-chromax | Aged HFD-chromax | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) | (+) | (++) | (+++) | (-) | (+) | (++) | (+++) | (-) | (+) | (++) | (+++) | (-) | (+) | (++) | (+++) | (-) | (+) | (++) | (+++) | (-) | (+) | (++) | (+++) | (-) | (+) | (++) | (+++) | |
| (1) Congestion of blood vessels (meningeal and cortical) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| (2) Perivascular cuffing | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| (3) Vacuolar degeneration | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| (4) Meningeal edema | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| (5) Neuronal shrinkage and satellitosis | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| (6) Focal gliosis | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| (7) Meningeal hemorrhage | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |