Table 7.
Serum chemistry reference intervals for West Indian manatees from Puerto Rico, Florida, Guyana, Mexico, Belize, and Brazil. Puerto Rico values included all samples (calves, subadults, and adults). Abbreviations for parameters are detailed in the Materials and Methods section. Columns with an asterisk (∗) signify that the range values are minimum and maximum.
| Parameter | Antillean manatees | Florida manatees | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puerto Rico | Guyana [7] | Mexico [8] | Belize [9] | Brazil [14]∗ | Florida [6] | Florida [24]∗ | |
| n = 70 | n = 11 | n = 18 | n = 82 | n = 30 | n = 23 | n = 55 | |
| Liver-associated enzymes and pigments | |||||||
| LDH (U/L) | 261–590 | — | — | — | — | 94–372 | — |
| T BILI (mg/dL) | 0.1–0.3 | 0.2–0.4 | 0.0–0.4 | — | 0–0.1 | 0–0.1 | 0–0.3 |
| Muscle-associated enzymes | |||||||
| ALT (U/L) | 8.3–23 | — | 14–24 | 4.4–33 | 3.0–9.0 | 6.0–30 | 5.0–48 |
| AST (U/L) | 6.1–17 | 18–19 | 13–80 | 19–52 | 6.0–13 | 5.0–28 | 4.0–26 |
| ALP (U/L) | 58–99 | 45–80 | — | 52–106 | 214–412 | 64–183 | 39–192 |
| CPK (U/L) | 68–132 | 75–228 | 78–191 | — | — | 79–302 | 51–2966 |
| Kidney-associated compounds and products | |||||||
| BUN (mg/dL) | 2.1–6.3 | 1.6–6.4 | 3.1–13 | 1.7–9.5 | — | 6.4–16 | 1.1–12 |
| CREA (mg/dL) | 1.1–1.9 | 1.0–1.4 | 0.0–4.4 | 1.0–2.4 | 1.5–2.3 | 0.4–2.1 | 0.6–3.8 |
| BUN:CREA | 1.4–2.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| UA (mg/dL) | 0.4–1.4 | — | — | — | 1.6–2.2 | — | — |
| Sugars, lipids, and pancreatic-associated enzymes | |||||||
| GLU (mg/dL) | 73–110 | 70–97 | 67–101 | 44–120 | 66–129 | 56–117 | 41–178 |
| TRIG (mg/dL) | 84–135 | — | 82–134 | 50–131 | — | — | 27–195 |
| CHOL (mg/dL) | 92–143 | — | 134–210 | 88–170 | 148–243 | 107–328 | 81–282 |
| AMY (U/L) | 451–749 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Proteins | |||||||
| T PROT (g/dL) | 6.4–7.5 | 6.5–7.3 | 6.9–8.3 | 6.3–7.8 | 6.4–7.8 | 6.2–8.6 | 6.4–9.0 |
| ALB (g/dL) | 3.5–4.4 | 4.1–5.1 | 4.0–5.6 | 3.3–5.1 | 4.6–6.7 | 3.6–5.9 | 2.5–4.6 |
| GLOB (g/dL) | 2.5–3.3 | ||||||
| ALB:GLOB | 1.1–1.7 | — | 1.9–3.7 | — | — | — | 0.6–1.3 |
| Electrolytes | |||||||
| NA (mmol/L) | 146–157 | 138–149 | — | 142–160 | — | 142–157 | 143–158 |
| CL (mmol/L) | 93–106 | 92–105 | — | 87–105 | — | 90–103 | 78–106 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.6–5.9 | 4.2–5.0 | — | 4.6–6.0 | — | 4.2–6.6 | 3.8–6.3 |
| PO4 (mg/dL) | 4.8–7.0 | 4.2–5.6 | — | 3.7–7.0 | — | 3.0–8.0 | 3.4–8.4 |
| CA (mg/dL) | 9.2–11 | 9.6–11 | — | 9.1–12 | — | 10–12 | 8.0–15 |
| CO2 (mmol/L) | 17–36 | 13–18 | — | — | — | — | 4.0–41 |
| AG (mmol/L) | 17–39 | 30–37 | — | — | — | — | 15–59 |