Table 1.
Component costs and estimated distributions for postdischarge malaria chemoprevention (PDMC) interventions and adverse health events from provider and household perspectives for each country.
| Base Case |
Range (CI*; point estimates: +/- 50%) |
Distribution | Source | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| low |
high |
||||||||
| PERSPECTIVE: Cost component | Standard of care | PDMC Community delivery | PDMC Facility delivery | PDMC Community delivery | PDMC Facility delivery | PDMC Community delivery | PDMC Facility delivery | ||
| Intervention costs | |||||||||
| PROVIDER: Dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DP) price per treatment, USD* | |||||||||
| Kenya | 0·00 | 2·97 | 2·97 | 1·48 | 4·45 | Point estimate | MSH Price Guide (2015)19 | ||
| Malawi | 0·00 | 2·36 | 2·36 | 1·18 | 3·54 | Point estimate | Fernandes (2020)20 | ||
| Uganda | 0·00 | 2·30 | 2·30 | 1·15 | 3·45 | Point estimate | GF Price Reference Report (2015)21 | ||
| PROVIDER: Pharmacist time cost, USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 0·00 | 0·72 | 1·44 | 0·36 | 0·72 | 1·08 | 2·16 | Point estimate | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished, Tables S3-9) |
| Malawi | 0·00 | 0·12 | 0·24 | 0·06 | 0·12 | 0·18 | 0·36 | Point estimate | |
| Uganda | 0·00 | 0·29 | 0·58 | 0·15 | 0·29 | 0·44 | 0·87 | Point estimate | |
| HOUSEHOLD: Total household drug collection cost, USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 0·00 | 0·09 | 10·09 | 0·05 | 5·05 | 0·14 | 15·13 | Gamma | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished, Tables S3-9) |
| Malawi | 0·00 | 0·26 | 7·43 | 0·13 | 3·72 | 0·39 | 11·15 | Gamma | |
| Uganda | 0·00 | 0·07 | 10·16 | 0·04 | 5·08 | 0·11 | 15·24 | Gamma | |
| HOUSEHOLD: total household drug administration cost, USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 0·00 | 1·94 | 0·97 | 2·91 | Gamma | Kwambai (2020)8 | |||
| Malawi | 0·00 | 1·07 | 0·54 | 1·61 | Gamma | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished, Tables S3-9) | |||
| Uganda | 0·00 | 3·31 | 1·66 | 4·97 | Gamma | Kwambai (2020)8 | |||
| Costs of adverse health events | |||||||||
| PROVIDER: total health personnel cost per inpatient treatment, USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 15·74 | 7·87 | 23·61 | Point estimate | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished, Tables S3-9) | ||||
| Malawi | 10·56 | 5·28 | 15·84 | Point estimate | |||||
| Uganda | 11·45 | 5·73 | 17·18 | Point estimate | |||||
| PROVIDER: cost per blood transfusions per inpatient treatment incl.· laboratory costs, transportation and wastage, USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 73·10 | 36·55 | 109·65 | Point estimate | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished) combined with adjusted costs from Medina-Lara (2007)22 | ||||
| Malawi | 65·93 | 32·97 | 98·60 | Point estimate | |||||
| Uganda | 82·24 |
41·12 |
123·36 | Point estimate | |||||
| PROVIDER: sum of medicines, equipment, and other material costs per inpatient treatment, including SOC at discharge, USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 18·67 | 9·34 | 28·01 | Point estimate | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished, Tables S3-9) | ||||
| Malawi | 18·67 | 9·34 | 28·01 | Point estimate | |||||
| Uganda | 18·67 | 9·34 | 28·01 | Point estimate | |||||
| PROVIDER: sum of hospital administration and support services per inpatient treatment, USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 12·37 | 6·19 | 18·56 | Point estimate | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished, Tables S3–9) | ||||
| Malawi | 3·04 | 1·52 | 4·56 | Point estimate | |||||
| Uganda | 5·17 | 2·59 | 7·76 | Point estimate | |||||
| PROVIDER: total cost per outpatient treatment, USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 3·39 | 1·77 | 5·01 | Point estimate | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished, Tables S3–9) | ||||
| Malawi | 2·40 | 1·22 | 3·58 | Point estimate | |||||
| Uganda | 2·53 | 1·31 | 3·75 | Point estimate | |||||
| HOUSEHOLD: total cost per inpatient stay incl.· transport and lost productivity, and patient transfusion cost (only applicable for Kenya), USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 55·26 | 40·09 | 70·43 | Gamma | Kwambai (2020)8 | ||||
| Malawi | 12·94 | 11·35 | 14·54 | Gamma | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished, Tables S3–9) | ||||
| Uganda | 20·04 | 18·10 | 21·98 | Gamma | Kwambai (2020)8 | ||||
| HOUSEHOLD: total household cost per outpatient visit incl.· transport and lost productivity, USD | |||||||||
| Kenya | 11·92 | 9·34 | 14·49 | Gamma | Kwambai (2020)8 | ||||
| Malawi | 5·34 | 4·31 | 6·70 | Gamma | PDMC Malawi cost study (unpublished, Tables S3–9) | ||||
| Uganda | 9·60 | 8·45 | 10·75 | Gamma | Kwambai (2020)8 | ||||
The detailed items summarised in the component costs can be found in the supplementary materials (Tables S5, S10).
*CI– Confidence interval (95%).
**USD– United States Dollar.