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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 26.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Causes Control. 2022 Feb 2;33(5):711–726. doi: 10.1007/s10552-022-01556-z

Table 4.

Distribution of non-CT imaging exams in the fetal-exposure cohort and childhood-exposure cohort from 1996–2016

Fetal-Exposure Cohort United States Ontario, Canada Total
n Col % n Col % n Col %
Total Children 881,205 100.0% 2,592,795 100.0% 3,474,001 100.0%
Radiography
Number of exams during mother’s pregnancy per child
 0 840,329 95.4% 2,493,338 96.2% 3,333,667 96.0%
 1 36,267 4.1% 87,109 3.4% 123,376 3.6%
 2 3,456 0.4% 9,385 0.4% 12,841 0.4%
 3–10 1,132 0.1% 2,936 0.1% 4,068 0.1%
 >10 21 <0.05% 27 <0.05% 48 <0.05%
Fluoroscopy
Number of exams per child
 0 879,143 99.8% 2,579,341 99.5% 3,458,484 99.6%
 1 1,848 0.2% 12,607 0.5% 14,455 0.4%
 2 149 <0.05% 664 <0.05% 813 <0.05%
 3–10 65 <0.05% 180 <0.05% 245 <0.05%
 >10 0 0.0% 3 <0.05% 3 <0.05%
Angiography
Number of exams per child
 0 880,843 100.0% 2,591,757 100.0% 3,472,600 100.0%
 1 314 <0.05% 967 <0.05% 1,281 <0.05%
 2 29 <0.05% 53 <0.05% 82 <0.05%
 3–10 19 <0.05% 18 <0.05% 37 <0.05%
 >10 0 0.0% 0 <0.05% 0 <0.05%
Nuclear Medicine
Number of exams per child
 0 879,874 99.8% 2,586,475 99.8% 3,466,413 99.8%
 1 1,284 0.1% 6,023 0.2% 7,307 0.2%
 2 45 <0.05% 289 <0.05% 334 <0.05%
 3–10 2 <0.05% 8 <0.05% 10 <0.05%
 >10 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Childhood-Exposure Cohort United States Ontario, Canada Total
n Col % n Col % n Col %
Total Children, n 931,120 100.0% 2,793,512 100.0% 3,724,642 100.0%
Radiography
Number of exams per child
 0 455,469 48.9% 993,715 35.6% 1,449,130 38.9%
 1 190,897 20.5% 547,692 19.6% 738,565 19.8%
 2 97,829 10.5% 355,402 12.7% 453,224 12.2%
 3–10 166,992 17.9% 795,178 28.5% 962,221 25.8%
 >10 19,933 2.1% 101,525 3.6% 121,502 3.3%
Fluoroscopy
Number of exams per child
 0 889,364 95.5% 2,610,327 93.4% 3,499,691 94.0%
 1 33,106 3.6% 146,750 5.3% 179,856 4.8%
 2 5,510 0.6% 23,017 0.8% 28,527 0.8%
 3–10 3,044 0.3% 12,434 0.4% 15,478 0.4%
 >10 96 <0.05% 984 <0.05% 1,080 <0.05%
Angiography
Number of exams per child
 0 928,972 99.8% 2,782,498 99.6% 3,711,470 99.6%
 1 1,557 0.2% 7,496 0.3% 9,053 0.2%
 2 279 <0.05% 1,539 0.1% 1,818 <0.05%
 3–10 277 <0.05% 1,856 0.1% 2,133 0.1%
 >10 35 <0.05% 123 <0.05% 158 <0.05%
Nuclear Medicine
Number of exams per child
 0 921,543 99.0% 2,748,058 98.4% 3,669,581 98.5%
 1 7,372 0.8% 36,278 1.3% 43,668 1.2%
 2 1,378 0.1% 5,829 0.2% 7,218 0.2%
 3–10 821 0.1% 3,297 0.1% 4,119 0.1%
 >10 6 <0.05% 50 <0.05% 56 <0.05%