Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort.
| Exposed patients | Matched unexposed individuals | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 78,860) | (N = 394,300) | (N = 473,160) | |
| Birth year, mean (SD) | 1950 (7.09) | 1950 (6.86) | 1950 (6.90) |
| Follow-up time, mean (SD), years | 7.63 (6.05) | 7.74 (5.71) | 7.72 (5.77) |
| Age at the index date, mean (SD), years | 62.00 (8.88) | 61.60 (8.71) | 61.60 (8.74) |
| Age at the index date, no. (%), years | |||
| ≤58 | 25,300 (32.08%) | 132,416 (33.58%) | 157,716 (33.33%) |
| 59–65 | 25,783 (32.69%) | 131,885 (33.45%) | 157,668 (33.32%) |
| ≥66 | 27,777 (35.22%) | 129,999 (32.97%) | 157,776 (33.35%) |
| Sex, no. (%) | |||
| Female | 42,478 (53.87%) | 212,390 (53.87%) | 254,868 (53.87%) |
| Male | 36,382 (46.13%) | 181,910 (46.13%) | 218,292 (46.13%) |
| Race/ethnicity, no. (%) | |||
| White | 76,297 (96.75%) | 374,547 (94.99%) | 450,844 (95.28%) |
| Others | 2563 (3.25%) | 19,753 (5.01%) | 22,316 (4.72%) |
| Townsend deprivation index, mean (SD) | −1.56 (2.97) | −1.47 (3.00) | −1.48 (3.00) |
| College or University degree, no. (%) | |||
| Yes | 24,539 (31.12%) | 123,085 (31.22%) | 147,624 (31.20%) |
| No | 37,689 (47.79%) | 189,036 (47.94%) | 226,725 (47.92%) |
| Unknown | 16,632 (21.09%) | 82,179 (20.84%) | 98,811 (20.88%) |
| Body mass index, no. (%), kg/m2 | |||
| <18.5 | 398 (0.50%) | 1894 (0.48%) | 2292 (0.48%) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 25,792 (32.71%) | 126,804 (32.16%) | 152,596 (32.25%) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 34,258 (43.44%) | 170,878 (43.34%) | 205,136 (43.35%) |
| ≥30.0 | 18,061 (22.90%) | 92,594 (23.48%) | 110,655 (23.39%) |
| Unknown | 351 (0.45%) | 2130 (0.54%) | 2481 (0.52%) |
| Smoking status, no. (%) | |||
| Never | 40,786 (51.72%) | 212,239 (53.83%) | 253,025 (53.48%) |
| Ever | 37,643 (47.73%) | 179,771 (45.59%) | 217,414 (45.95%) |
| Unknown | 431 (0.55%) | 2290 (0.58%) | 2721 (0.58%) |
| Alcohol status, no. (%) | |||
| Never | 2905 (3.68%) | 16,795 (4.26%) | 19,700 (4.16%) |
| Ever | 75,758 (96.07%) | 376,362 (95.45%) | 452,120 (95.55%) |
| Unknown | 197 (0.25%) | 1143 (0.29%) | 1340 (0.28%) |
| Diet types, no. (%) | |||
| Vegetarians | 1071 (1.36%) | 6808 (1.73%) | 7879 (1.67%) |
| Fish eaters | 1702 (2.16%) | 8941 (2.27%) | 10,643 (2.25%) |
| Fish and poultry eaters | 1932 (2.45%) | 9807 (2.49%) | 11,739 (2.48%) |
| Meat-eaters | 74,060 (93.91%) | 368,110 (93.36%) | 442,170 (93.45%) |
| Unknown | 95 (0.12%) | 634 (0.16%) | 729 (0.15%) |
| Physical activity, no. (%) | |||
| Low | 11,767 (14.92%) | 56,857 (14.42%) | 68,624 (14.50%) |
| Moderate | 26,097 (33.09%) | 130,726 (33.15%) | 156,823 (33.14%) |
| High | 25,204 (31.96%) | 127,972 (32.46%) | 153,176 (32.37%) |
| Unknown | 15,792 (20.03%) | 78,745 (19.97%) | 94,537 (19.98%) |
| History of psychiatric disorders, no. (%) | |||
| Yes | 13,281 (16.84%) | 62,098 (15.75%) | 75,379 (15.93%) |
| No | 65,579 (83.16%) | 332,202 (84.25%) | 397,781 (84.07%) |
| History of somatic diseasesa, no. (%) | |||
| Yes | 18,150 (23.02%) | 84,138 (21.34%) | 102,288 (21.62%) |
| No | 60,710 (76.98%) | 310,162 (78.66%) | 370,872 (78.38%) |
| CVD polygenic risk score, no. (%) | |||
| Low | 20,934 (26.55%) | 99,611 (25.26%) | 120,545 (25.48%) |
| Intermediate | 20,173 (25.58%) | 100,374 (25.46%) | 120,547 (25.48%) |
| High | 19,928 (25.27%) | 100,654 (25.53%) | 120,582 (25.48%) |
| Unknown | 17,825 (22.60%) | 93,661 (23.75%) | 111,486 (23.56%) |
| CVD family history, no. (%) | |||
| Yes | 45,672 (57.92%) | 233,364 (59.18%) | 279,036 (58.97%) |
| No | 33,188 (42.08%) | 160,936 (40.82%) | 194,124 (41.03%) |
| CVD outcome, no. (%) | |||
| Yes | 13,602 (17.25%) | 48,729 (12.36%) | 62,331 (13.17%) |
| No | 65,258 (82.75%) | 345,571 (87.64%) | 410,829 (86.83%) |
aHistory of chronic pulmonary disease, connective tissue disease, diabetes, renal disease, liver disease, ulcer disease, HIV infection/AIDS, and hypertension.