Table 2.
Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with a diagnosis of cancer, compared with their matched unexposed individuals.
| <3 months of follow-up | 3–6 months of follow-up | >6 months of follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of events (incidence ratee) in cancer patients/matched unexposed individuals | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | No. of events (incidence ratee) in cancer patients/matched unexposed individuals | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | No. of events (incidence ratee) in cancer patients/matched unexposed individuals | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
| Any CVD | ||||||
| Different adjustment strategiesa | ||||||
| Model 1: adjusted for birth year | 1512 (78.56)/1416 (14.50) | 5.27 (4.90–5.67) | 858 (46.64)/1380 (14.47) | 3.15 (2.89–3.44) | 11,232 (19.90)/45,933 (16.07) | 1.20 (1.17–1.22) |
| Model 2: Model 1 + sociodemographic factorsb | 5.29 (4.91–5.69) | 3.18 (2.91–3.47) | 1.21 (1.19–1.24) | |||
| Model 3: Model 2 + behavioural and lifestyle factorsc | 5.24 (4.86–5.64) | 3.19 (2.92–3.49) | 1.22 (1.19–1.24) | |||
| Model 4: Model 3 + history of psychiatric disorders+ history of somatic disease | 5.24 (4.86–5.64) | 3.15 (2.89–3.45) | 1.21 (1.19–1.24) | |||
| Model 5 (full model): Model 4 + family history of CVD | 5.28 (4.90–5.69) | 3.17 (2.90–3.47) | 1.22 (1.19–1.24) | |||
| Subtypes of CVDd | ||||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 242 (12.52)/593 (6.07) | 2.01 (1.72–2.34) | 159 (8.56)/632 (6.62) | 1.30 (1.08–1.55) | 4175 (7.22)/20718 (7.14) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 126 (6.52)/154 (1.58) | 4.09 (3.17–5.27) | 86 (4.63)/184 (1.93) | 2.31 (1.76–3.04) | 2050 (3.51)/7972 (2.72) | 1.24 (1.17–1.30) |
| Emboli/thrombosis | 322 (16.67)/74 (0.76) | 23.96 (17.93–32.01) | 260 (14.01)/76 (0.8) | 18.30 (13.80-24.27) | 1551 (2.65)/2881 (0.98) | 2.81 (2.63–3.00) |
| Heart failure | 96 (4.97)/96 (0.98) | 5.55 (4.02–7.67) | 59 (3.17)/86 (0.90) | 3.51 (2.44–5.06) | 1554 (2.66)/5711 (1.95) | 1.32 (1.24–1.40) |
| Arrhythmia/conduction disorder | 624 (32.31)/530 (5.42) | 5.72 (5.07–6.45) | 324 (17.48)/506 (5.30) | 3.26 (2.82–3.77) | 5277 (9.09)/21,148 (7.24) | 1.20 (1.16–1.24) |
| Acute CVD | 159 (8.22)/275 (2.81) | 2.82 (2.30–3.45) | 107 (5.76)/287 (3.00) | 1.90 (1.51–2.40) | 2552 (4.37)/10,734 (3.66) | 1.16 (1.11–1.22) |
| CVD death | 17 (0.88)/29 (0.30) | 2.84 (1.56–5.17) | 15 (0.80)/35 (0.37) | 2.10 (1.14–3.84) | 516 (0.84)/2185 (0.71) | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) |
aCox model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), stratified by the matching variables (i.e. birth year and sex), and adjusted for covariates listed in the model information column.
bRace/ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, and educational attainment.
cBody mass index, alcohol status, smoking status, physical activity, and diet types.
dCox model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), stratified by the matching variables (i.e. birth year and sex), and adjusted for birth year, race/ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, educational attainment, body mass index, alcohol status, smoking status, physical activity, diet types, history of psychiatric disorders, history of somatic disease, and family history of CVD.
eNumber of cases per 1000 person-years.