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. 2022 Oct 25;13:6088. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33203-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Bars represent least square means (±SEM) of change from baseline in heart rate and HRV (SDNN and RMSSD) at different exposure phases (a–i), indicated by timeline below (j), with Expo denoting puff sessions, Post- denoting 4–9 min after each puff session, and Late Post- indicating 9–28 min after final puff session. Blue dashes mark Air mean (n = 8) and dot-dashes mark VG mean reference. Significance determined by two-sided P < 0.05 (vs. Air: star) in mixed model analyses. For Acrolein and MCS 1R5F, n = 8, and for MCS 3R4F, n = 6. Asterisk indicates nicotine present. For averages of individual subjects by phase, and simple means and standard errors, see Supplementary Fig. 9. Source data, including all p values, are provided as a Source Data file.