Table 4.

Growth curves per value; no change and linear change; SEM approach lavaan (R; Rosseel, 2012).

	Benevolence	Universalism	Self-direction	Stimulation	Hedonism	Achievement	Power	Security	Conformity
Intercept mean	0.767***	0.485***	0.434***	−1.392***	0.050	−0.327***	−0.924***	0.744***	0.163***
Gender (male = 1)	−0.185***	−0.200***	−0.062*	0.393***	0.014	0.091***	0.263***	−0.188***	−0.125***
Education (high = 1)	0.050*	0.091***	0.174***	−0.144**	−0.028	0.261***	0.093*	−0.247***	−0.250***
Age°	0.002	0.011***	0.002	−0.023***	−0.015***	0.002	−0.001	0.012***	0.009*
Baby-boomers1	0.014	−0.108***	−0.014	0.279***	0.192***	−0.161***	0.025	−0.155***	−0.073
Generation-X	−0.054	−0.323***	−0.107**	0.517***	0.435***	−0.307***	0.014	−0.199***	0.023
Millennials	−0.138**	−0.498***	−0.393***	0.977***	0.554***	−0.271***	0.201	−0.433***	0.001
Slope mean	−0.005	−0.001	−0.005*	0.008	0.001	−0.003	0.007	0.003	−0.005
Gender (male = 1)	0.004*	0.002	0.000	−0.007	−0.006**	0.003	−0.007	0.005*	0.006*
Education (high = 1)	−0.001	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.003	−0.005	−0.007	0.006**	−0.002
Age°	0.000	0.000*	−0.001**	0.001**	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000*	0.000
Baby-boomers	0.003	0.006*	0.009***	−0.022***	0.003	0.002	−0.015**	0.012***	0.002
Generation-X	0.006	0.011***	0.014***	−0.033***	0.004	0.005	−0.024***	0.011**	0.007
Millennials	0.017*	0.018***	0.022***	−0.054***	0.009	0.005	−0.043***	0.027***	−0.001
Intercept variance	.157	.123	.173	.609	.145	.170	.443	.211	.283
Slope variance	.0003	.0003	.0004	.0015	.0003	.0005	.0017	.0006	.0005
Covariance intercept-slope	−.0016	−.0008	−.002	−.009	−.0005	−.003	−.003	−.004	−.003

Associated p-values and confidence intervals can be found in the supplementary materials (SI 11, Table 6.1—6.3).

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.

¹Silent-generation is the reference category. ° mean-centered within generation (i.e., age means age difference within generations).