Table 4.

Longitudinal logistic regression models with GEE for associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and depression symptoms in the ALSWH 1973–78 cohort

	Model 1*		Model 2†		Model 3‡		Model 4§
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Fruit
≤ 1 serve/day	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
2–3 serves/day	0.86	0.80–0.93	0.86	0.79–0.93	0.89	0.82–0.96	0.94	0.87–1.02
≥ 4 serves/day	0.69	0.53–0.89	0.68	0.53–0.88	0.69	0.53–0.90	0.75	0.57–0.97
Vegetables
≤ 1 serve/day	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
2–4 serves/day	0.79	0.72–0.88	0.79	0.71–0.88	0.82	0.74–0.91	0.85	0.76–0.95
≥ 5 serves/day	0.72	0.63–0.84	0.72	0.62–0.83	0.76	0.66–0.88	0.81	0.70–0.94

GEE generalised estimating equations, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval

Bold indicates a significant association

^*Adjusted for history of depression

^†Additionally adjusted for total energy intake and total fish consumption

^‡Additionally adjusted for sociodemographic variables: area of residence, marital status, education, ability to manage on income, having a child

^§Additionally adjusted for health behaviours: smoking status, physical activity, alcohol, BMI, and history of chronic disease