Table 2.
Mean values and mean changes in dietary sources according to dietary pattern at baseline and after 1 and 7 years of follow-up in the CORDIOPREV study (n = 802)
| MedDiet | Low-fat diet | p value between group | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetable, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 261.8 (94.5) | 254.3 (99.4) | 0.276 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | − 16.0 (− 27.1, − 5.0) | 0.9 (− 11.4, 13.3) | 0.044 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | 46.1 (35.4, 56.7) | 18.1 (6.0, 30.2) | 0.001 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Fruits, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 346.3 (181.3) | 343.2 (191.2) | 0.815 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | 39.3 (17.4, 61.3) | 27.7 (6.8, 48.7) | 0.456 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | 121.3 (99.7, 142.8) | 72.9 (50.3, 95.5) | 0.002 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Legumes, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 22.6 (11.8) | 23.9 (17.3) | 0.206 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | 3.4 (1.7, 5.1) | − 1.5 (− 3.7, 0.7) | 0.001 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | 4.3 (2.9, 5.8) | 0.2 (− 1.9, 2.2) | 0.001 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Dairy, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 387.0 (191.5) | 351.3 (186.8) | 0.008 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | − 27.9 (− 47.2, − 8.6) | 15.2 (− 3.6, 34.1) | 0.002 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | − 68.6 (− 88.8, − 48.3) | − 24.3 (− 46.1, − 2.5) | 0.004 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Bakery and sweets, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 26.9 (24.7) | 27.4 (26.0) | 0.793 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | − 9.8 (− 12.2, − 7.4) | 0.2 (− 3.0, 3.3) | < 0.001 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | − 15.8 (− 18.1, − 13.6) | − 13.2 (− 15.9, − 10.4) | 0.134 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Cereals, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 176.8 (80.5) | 182.8 (86.1) | 0.310 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | − 23.3 (− 32.2, − 14.4) | − 35.1 (− 45.2, − 25.0) | 0.085 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | − 36.9 (− 45.7, − 28.0) | − 41.3 (− 51.7, − 31.0) | 0.515 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Whole cereals, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 40.1 (72.3) | 43.9 | 0.481 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | 23.2 (14.5, 31.8) | 19.4 (9.9, 29.0) | 0.567 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | 6.9 (− 1.5, 15.4) | 2.6 (− 7.3, 12.4) | 0.507 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Fish and seafood, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 106.0 (47.2) | 102.9 (46.3) | 0.361 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | − 19.3 (− 24.5, − 14.1) | − 26.3 (− 31.2, − 21.4) | 0.056 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | − 7.8 (− 12.6, − 3.0) | − 22.6 (− 27.7, − 17.6) | < 0.001 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Red meat, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 40.7 (31.1) | 46.8 (35.5) | 0.102 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | − 23.0 (− 25.9, − 20.1) | − 23.8 (− 27.3, − 20.3) | 0.737 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | − 24.0 (− 27.1, − 21.0) | − 25.9 (− 29.5, − 22.3) | 0.439 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| White meat, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 69.7 (34.4) | 72.3 (37.5) | 0.304 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | − 5.7 (− 9.2, − 2.2) | − 9.7 (− 13.5, − 6.0) | 0.128 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | − 9.2 (− 12.8, − 5.5) | − 17.2 (− 21.1, − 13.2) | 0.004 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Nuts, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 9.3 (10.7) | 8.5 (10.5) | 0.289 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | 2.1 (0.8, 3.3) | − 3.8 (− 4.8, − 2.7) | < 0.001 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | 7.3 (5.9, 8.7) | − 3.7 (− 4.9, − 2.5) | < 0.001 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Olive oil, mean (SD) (g/day) | |||
| Baseline | 34.9 (12.8) | 33.4 (12.3) | 0.099 |
| 1-year change (95% CI) | 5.2 (3.6, 6.8) | − 14.0 (− 15.5, − 12.4) | < 0.001 |
| 7-year change (95% CI) | 12.9 (11.5, 14.4) | − 11.7 (− 13.3, − 10.1) | < 0.001 |
| p value within group | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as means and standard deviations (SD) at baseline point and changes (95% CI) at 1 and 7 years of follow-up. p value for differences between groups at 1 and 7-year follow-up using t test. p value for differences within group using ANOVA for repeated measure. Values in bald showed significant association
CI confidence intervals, MedDiet Mediterranean diet