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. 2022 Sep 2;31(13):1667–1678. doi: 10.1007/s10068-022-01150-8

Table 1.

Box–Behnken design of extraction parameters for the optimization of yield, TPC, TFC and DPPH radical scavenging activities from Ruby S apple peel extracts obtained by UAE

Run Independent variables Dependent variables
X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4
1

40

(+ 1)

30

(0)

50

(− 1)

37.9 ± 0.20b 2.51 ± 0.06a 3.80 ± 0.01d 70.29 ± 1.62b
2

20

(− 1)

30

(0)

90

(+ 1)

31.5 ± 0.17 k 1.38 ± 0.03i 3.19 ± 0.01 g 56.15 ± 2.12 g
3

20

(− 1)

30

(0)

50

(− 1)

38.7 ± 0.20a 2.49 ± 0.11a 4.07 ± 0.02a 76.34 ± 0.03a
4

40

(+ 1)

30

(0)

90

(+ 1)

34.0 ± 0.20i 1.70 ± 0.04 g 2.72 ± 0.06j 63.49 ± 0.58e
5

30

(0)

30

(0)

70

(0)

35.0 ± 0.17 g 2.28 ± 0.01bc 3.61 ± 0.02e 66.37 ± 0.04d
6

30

(0)

15

(− 1)

90

(+ 1)

34.5 ± 0.15 h 1.50 ± 0.00 h 2.93 ± 0.01i 61.36 ± 0.17f
7

20

(− 1)

45

(+ 1)

70

(0)

35.5 ± 0.10f 2.03 ± 0.08f 3.84 ± 0.02c 63.51 ± 0.38e
8

30

(0)

45

(+ 1)

50

(− 1)

37.5 ± 0.20c 2.50 ± 0.08a 3.83 ± 0.01 cd 68.24 ± 0.15c
9

30

(0)

30

(0)

70

(0)

35.5 ± 0.17f 2.11 ± 0.02ef 3.61 ± 0.00e 65.97 ± 0.52d
10

30

(0)

30

(0)

70

(0)

34.0 ± 0.26i 2.12 ± 0.02def 3.61 ± 0.01e 65.73 ± 0.40d
11

30

(0)

45

(+ 1)

90

(+ 1)

33.5 ± 0.17j 1.55 ± 0.03 h 3.00 ± 0.01 h 56.26 ± 0.32 g
12

20

(− 1)

15

(− 1)

70

(0)

36.5 ± 0.20d 2.17 ± 0.07de 3.98 ± 0.01b 66.95 ± 0.39d
13

30

(0)

15

(− 1)

50

(− 1)

39.0 ± 0.20a 2.22 ± 0.01 cd 3.95 ± 0.01b 71.37 ± 0.26b
14

40

(+ 1)

45

(+ 1)

70

(0)

35.0 ± 0.17 g 2.36 ± 0.07b 3.42 ± 0.02f 64.01 ± 0.53e
15

40

(+ 1)

15

(− 1)

70

(0)

36.0 ± 0.10e 2.20 ± 0.06cde 3.44 ± 0.01f 66.44 ± 0.33d

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3)

Different letters in the same columns indicate statistically different results according to Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0.05)

X1: extraction temperature (°C); X2: extraction time (min); X3: ethanol concentration (%); Y1: total phenolic content (mg GAE/g DW); Y1: total flavonoid content (mg NAE/g DW); Y3: DPPH radical scavenging activity (% Inhibition)