Figure 5.

(a) Zetapotential (pH = 5.0–9.5, P = 0 or 1000 µg P L⁻¹), (b) phosphorus adsorption (pH = 7.0 or 9.0, P = 0–2000 µg P L⁻¹) by lead carbonate as a function of pH and phosphate type (OrthoP, TripolyP, TrimetaP, HexametaP) at DIC 5 mg C L⁻¹ from the batch experiment. Each set represents at least two reactor runs, and error bars span the median absolute deviation of measurements. Colored lines (representing y = Cx) are labeled by their corresponding C, where C is the estimated fraction of total phosphorus remaining in solution at the end of 30 min. The solid black line represents y = x. The estimates (C) were obtained by computing an additive difference estimate between the log-transformed influent and effluent phosphorus concentrations, resulting in a multiplicative estimate on the measurement scale.