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. 2022 Oct 12;13:906717. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906717

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Copyright © 2022 Suh, Lee, Kim, Kim, Jang, Park, Lee, Choi, Kwon and Lee.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Olanzapine (OLZ)-induced leptin resistance was reversed by metformin (MET) and minocycline (MINO). (A) Effect of OLZ or OLZ + MET treatment on hypothalamic Ptp1b and Socs3 mRNA expression in female mice (n = 4–5). (B) Experimental scheme pertaining to mice that were administered OLZ, OLZ + MET, or OLZ + MINO. (C,E) Food intake and body weight changes after leptin injection in female mice administered OLZ, OLZ + MET, or OLZ + MINO for 5 days (n = 4–5). (D) The numbers of c-Fos⁺ cells in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) of female mice treated with OLZ or OLZ + MET for 5 days (n = 3–5). Data are presented as mean ± SEM values. Statistical analyses were performed using one-sided one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (A,D) and one-sided two-way ANOVA (C,E) followed by a post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 between the indicated groups. Scale bars: 100 μm.