Table 2.

AF composition of nutrients, hormones and biochemical products

Author, year (Ref)	AF composition	Components
Underwood et al ., 2005 (4)	Nutrients	Proteins, amino acids, lactate, pyruvate, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids, urea, and electrolytes
Dawood, 1977 (13)	Hormones	Prolactin, growth hormone, human chorionic somatomammotropin, placental hormone, human chorionic corticotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin, human chorionic thyrotropin, and placental luteinizing hormone-releasing factor
Oliveira et al ., 2002 (14) Bauk et al ., 1996 (15)	Biochemical products	Creatinine, N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase, urea, potassium, uric acid, ß2-microglobulin, glucose, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, and albumin
AF: Amniotic fluid