Table 1.
Association between diabetes mellitus and hepatocellular carcinoma
| Study | Region | Etiology | Study design | Patients/HCC cases | Result (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim et al. [16] (2018) | Korea | HBV | Population-based cohort study | 214,167/11,241 | HR, 1.23 (1.15–1.34) | <0.01 |
| Campbell et al. [17] (2021) | HBV | Meta-analysis | 40 studies (536,456) | HR, 1.36 (1.20–1.32) | <0.01 | |
| Hsu et al. [18] (2018) | Taiwan | HBV | Population-based cohort study | 23,851/596 | HR, 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | |
| Dyal et al. [19] (2016) | HCV | Meta-analysis | 9 studies | HR, 1.73 (1.30–2.30); RR, 3.52 (1.29–9.24) | ||
| Yang et al. [29] (2022) | HBV | Meta-analysis | 11 studies | RR, 1.37 (1.24–1.51); OR, 1.99 (0.73–5.48) | ||
| HCV | 15 studies | RR, 1.76 (1.42–2.17); OR, 1.77 (1.18–2.64) | ||||
| Chen et al. [30] (2022) | NAFLD-LC | Meta-analysis | 8 studies | HR, 4.55 (2.34–8.87) | ||
| NAFLD | HR, 2.65 (2.02–3.49) | |||||
| Ioannou et al. [20] (2018) | USA | HCV-LC | Retrospective cohort study | 44,007/7,605 | HR, 1.02 | 0.6 |
| ALD-LC | 29,326/1,388 | HR, 1.54 | <0.01 | |||
| NAFLD-LC | 13,456/608 | HR, 1.93 | <0.01 | |||
| Huang et al. [21] (2015) | Taiwan | HCV | Population-based cohort study | 2,187/82 | HR, 1.91 (1.10–3.30) | 0.02 |
| Arase et al. [22] (2013) | Japan | HCV | Retrospective cohort study | 4,302/393 | HR, 1.73 (1.30–2.30) | <0.01 |
| Ioannou et al. [23] (2019) | USA | ALD-LC | Retrospective cohort study | 16,175/871 | HR, 1.46 | <0.01 |
| NAFLD-LC | 7,068/407 | HR, 1.24 | 0.10 | |||
| Yang et al. [24] (2020) | USA | NAFLD-LC | Hospital-based cohort study | 354/30 | HR, 4.18 (1.23–14.2) | 0.02 |
| Retrospective cohort study | 6,630/291 | HR, 1.30 (1.02–1.66) | 0.03 | |||
| Kanwal et al. [25] (2020) | USA | NAFLD | Retrospective cohort study | 271,906/253 | HR, 2.77 (2.03–3.77) | |
| Bertot et al. [26] (2018) | Australia | NAFLD | Hospital-based cohort study | 284/28 | HR, 2.9 (1.2–7.3) | 0.02 |
| Vilar-Gomez et al. [27] (2018) | Spain, Australia, Hong Kong, and Cuba | NAFLD | Cohort study | 456/41 | HR, 4.72 (2.13–10.45) | <0.01 |
| Kawamura et al. [28] (2012) | Japan | NAFLD | Retrospective cohort study | 6,508/16 | HR, 3.21 (1.09–9.50) | 0.04 |
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CI, confidence interval; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HR, hazard ratio; HCV, hepatitis C virus; RR, risk ratio; OR, odds ratio; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; LC, liver cirrhosis; ALD, alcoholic liver disease.