TABLE 1.
The outline table of hydrogels applied in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
| Style of delivery | Drugs or cells | Design /manufacturing methods | Outstanding properities | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injectable hydrogels | DMARDs | Methotrexate | Combining black phosphorus nanosheets and platelet-rich plasma-chitosan thermoresponsive hydrogel | Excellent ability of drug releasing.Thermoresponsive | Pan et al. (2020) |
| Injectable hydrogels | DMARDs | Methotrexate | In situ gelation and employ Au NPs | Improved cytocompatibility,modulus and cell adhesion;Excellent ability of drug releasing | Nutan et al. (2020) |
| Injectable hydrogels | DMARDs | Methotrexate | GDFDFDY were used to create a supramolecular self-assembling hydrogel | The excellent ability to control the proliferation and migration of rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes | Ma et al. (2022) |
| Injectable hydrogels | DMARDs | Methotrexate | A novel click-crosslinked HA (Cx-HA) depot was developed through the click crosslinking reaction between tetrazine-modified HA and trans-cyclooctene-modified HA | Excellent ability of drug releasing | Seo et al. (2019) |
| Injectable hydrogels | DMARDs | Methotrexate | Oligochitosan and hypromellose phthalate-based polyelectrolyte complexes | Thermosensitive.Excellent ability of drug releasing. | Agostini et al. (2021) |
| Injectable hydrogels | DMARDs | Methotrexate | Methotrexate and transforming growth factor β1 are loaded in nano-Fe3O4 composite chitosan-polyolefin to construct a multifunctional hydrogel | Inhibit inflammation and promote cartilage regeneration.Excellent mechanical properties | Gang et al. (2021) |
| Injectable hydrogels | DMARDs | Methotrexate | The MTX and HA loaded drug-encapsulating NPs based on PLGA and DOTA were combined to synthesize the 177Lu-DOTA-HA-PLGA (MTX) | Bi-modal mechanisms of treatment through Lutetium177 and MTX. | Trujillo-Nolasco et al. (2019) |
| Transdermal hydrogels | DMARDs | Methotrexate | Creating the PCL- PEG-PCL triblock copolymer through the reaction of ring opening copolymerization and applied it in the delivery of the fabrication loaded with MTX nanomicelles | Nanomicelles loaded;excellent non-newtonian property;the ability to overcome the skin barrier and relese the drug in a sustain way | Qindeel et al. (2020a) |
| Transdermal hydrogels | DMARDs | Methotrexate | Combining a patch-like reservoir loaded with MTX (MTX-RV) and the hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays (HFMN) | The ability to overcome the skin barrier and relese the drug in a sustain way.Negligible side effects on skin | Tekko et al. (2020) |
| Injectable hydrogels | DMARDs | Iguratimod | Encapsulating IGUR in biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol micelles and load it into the in situ injected hyaluronic acid hydrogels | Excellent mechanical properties and the ability of drug releasing | Ma et al. (2019) |
| Injectable hydrogels | NSAIDs | Ketoprofen | Transforming the anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen into the self-assembled products through covalent conversion | Excellent ability of drug loading and releasing | Chen et al. (2017) |
| Transdermal hydrogels | NSAIDs | Ibuprofen | The Eudragit® L 100 (EL 100) NPs containing IB were loaded into Carbopol? 934-based hydrogel | PH-responsive.The ability to overcome the skin barrier and relese the drug in a sustain way | Khan et al. (2021) |
| Transdermal hydrogels | NSAIDs | Aceclofenac | Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based ACE (ACE-NLC) hydrogel | The ability to overcome the skin barrier and relese the drug in a sustain way.Nanoscale lipid carrier | Garg et al. (2021) |
| Injectable hydrogels | Glucocorticoids | Glucocorticoids | Combining the thermo-responsive hydrogels with microparticles | Pseudoplastic behaviors.Good biological adhesion.The ability of sustain drug releasing | Abou-EiNour et al. (2020) |
| Injectable hydrogels | Anti-TNF-α drugs | Anti-TNF-α drugs | A promising drug system based on anti-TNF-α chondroitin sulfate (CS) modified poly(amidoamine) (CS/PAMAM) dendrimer NPs | Good biocompatibility.Nanoscale lipid carrier | Oliveira et al. (2021) |
| Injectable hydrogels | Anti-TNF-α drugs | Infliximab | Incorporating the infliximab into a thermoresponsive hydrogel synthetized by combining the pluronic F127 and HA with poly (γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) | Excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the ability to continuously release | Chen et al. (2020) |
| Injectable hydrogels | Chinese medicine preparation | Sanwujiaowan | Constructing the deep eutectic solvent (DEC) extract complex by heating the herb extracts with amino acid and citric acid.Then the DES-extract complex was introduced into the suitable hydrogel | Improved viscoelastic and mechanical properties | Xiao et al. (2022) |
| Injectable hydrogels | Chinese medicine preparation | Triptolide | The HA hydrogel-loaded RGD-attached AuNPs containing the TP | Nanoscale lipid carrier.Delivering heat and drugs simultaneously | Li et al. (2022) |
| Injectable hydrogels | Chinese medicine preparation | 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyl adenosine | Combining the nanocomposite hydrogel and acupuncture to improve the applications of TP in rheumatoid arthritis | The hydrogel was administrated at ST36 with a controllable and sustained release of drugs | Ren et al. (2021) |
| Injectable hydrogels | Multiple drugs | Indomethacin and methotrexate | A temperature-sensitive hydrogel (D-NGel) containing nanoparticles (D-NPs), simultaneously delivering IND and MTX | Temperature-sensitive.Co-delivery of indomethacin and methotrexate | Yin et al. (2020) |
| Injectable hydrogels | Cells | ADMSCs | A kind of hydrogel with the ability of self-healing through the dynamic reactions between infliximab and modified polysaccharides | self-healable, anti-inflammatory, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties | Zhao et al. (2021) |