TABLE 1.
Advantages and disadvantages of biological membranes and biomolecules of surface modification.
| Material | Advantage | Disadvantage |
|---|---|---|
| Cell membranes (Guo et al., 2021; Gao and Xiao, 2022) | Homotypic targeting | Less control over composition |
| Colloidal stability | ||
| Exosomes (Kang et al., 2022; Salarpour et al., 2022) | Homotypic targeting | Low supply |
| Colloidal stability | Heterogeneity | |
| Protein and peptides (Huang, et al., 2013; Li, Liu and Zhao, 2022) | Environmental responsive | Prone to denature |
| Ease of customized design | ||
| Perform enzyme-mediated reactions | ||
| Lipids and fatty acids (Krishnamurthy et al., 2015; Luchini and Vitiello, 2019) | Mimic cell membrane | Low colloidal stability |
| Abundant supply | ||
| Amphiphilicity | ||
| Polysaccharides (Shen et al., 2019; Truong et al., 2022) | Abundant supply | Material variability |
| Diverse functional groups | Toxic contamination | |
| Thermal stability |