TABLE 5.

Some common proteins and peptides of surface modification of biomaterials.

Protein or peptide category	Examples	Note
Plasma proteins	Albumin, fibrinogen, globulin, and transferrin	Improve hemocompatibility (Steinberg et al., 1989)
		Enhance plasma stability (Yeo et al., 2018)
		Reduce platelet adhesion (Neumann et al., 1979)
Extracellular matrix proteins	Collagen, elastin, fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin	Improved cell adhesion (Chen, Kawazoe and Tateishi, 2008)
		Increased wettability (Balaji et al., 2015)
Antibodies	Anti-CD3 and anti-CD28	T-cell activation (Neal et al., 2017)
	Anti-EGFR, anti-HER2, and anti-EpCAM	Target tumor cells (Gibson et al., 2018; Oh et al., 2018; Ai et al., 2021)
Antigen	Ovalbumin	Model antigen (Wang and Mooney, 2018)
Peptides	RGD motif containing peptides	Cell adhesion (Pagel et al., 2016; Buxadera-Palomero et al., 2017)
		Tumor accumulation (Rios De La Rosa et al., 2020)
	NGR motif containing peptides	Tumor tropism (Graziadio et al., 2016)
	Repeated sequence of PSA	Stealth effect (Schlapschy et al., 2013)
	E14LKK/H14LKK	Antimicrobial activities (Balaji et al., 2015)
	SIINFEKL	Model epitope (Karandikar et al., 2019; Kramer et al., 2019)