TABLE 6.

Features and cellular modulation characteristics of common polysaccharides.

Polysaccharide	Cellular modulation characteristic	Feature
Chitosan	Antimicrobial activity	Cationic
		Bio-adhesive
	Stimulates M1 macrophages	pH-responsive
	Expands antitumor T-cell population	High biodegradability
Hyaluronic acid (HA)	Inherent tumor tropism by HA-binding receptors	Major component of ECM
	Stimulates dendritic cells	Anionic
		Non-toxicity
Dextran	Promotes dendritic cell maturation	High biodegradability
	Dextran is a biocompatible alternative to PEGylation	Non-toxicity
Alginate	Highly interactive with macrophages	Bio-adhesive
		Easy functionalization