TABLE 7.

Some examples of surface modification techniques of different type of core particles.

Core particle	Core particle size	Core particle charge	Coating material	Surface modification technique	Reference
Iron oxide NPs	5 nm	−63 mV	Tumor EM	Electroporation	Hood, Scott and Wickline, (2014)
Iron oxide NP	35–50 nm	-	Oleic acid	Sonication	Gupta et al. (2019)
Gold NP	45 nm	-	Tumor EM	Freeze-thawing	Sancho-Albero et al. (2019b)
Gold nanorod	46.5 ± 1.2 nm by 19.0 ± 0.7 nm	+41.6 ± 0.6 mV	Serum proteins	Adsorption	Yeo et al. (2017)
Magnetic nanoplates	52 nm	-	Polysaccharide	Coprecipitation	Stolyar et al. (2021)
Zeolitic imidazolate framework	91.4 nm	+30.6 mV	Tumor EM	Microfluidics sonication	Lv et al. (2021)
PCL NP	130 nm	−57 mV	Dextran	Emulsion evaporation	Lemarchand et al. (2006)
Albumin NP	138.7 ± 3.5 nm	−15.7 ± 2.5 mV	Macrophage CM	Coextrusion	Cao et al. (2020)
PLGA NP	140–150 nm	−14 mV	Dendritic CM	Coextrusion	Cheng et al. (2020)
Silica NP	150 ± 11 nm	−10.8 ± 0.2 mV	Tumor EM	Passive loading	Yong et al. (2019)
RNA–protein coacervates	∼2 µm	+4–30 mV	Fatty acid	Electrostatic deposition	Dora Tang et al. (2014)
Polydopamine-coated PLGA MP	3.3 ± 1.8 µm	-	Serum-derived EM	Chemical conjugation	You et al. (2020)
PLGA MP	3–25 µm	−11.8 to −2.4 mV	Protamine	Double emulsion evaporation	Martínez Gómez et al. (2008)
Tannic acid-doped calcium carbonate particles	∼5 µm	-	10 different proteins with different sizes and isoelectric points	Adsorption	Shi et al. (2019)
DEAE-dextran/dsDNA coacervate droplets	5.4 ± 1.9 µm	+15.1 ± 1.7 mV	RBCM	Pickering emulsion	Liu et al. (2020)
Dextran-in-PEG droplets	∼7 µm	-	Anionic lipid vesicles	Pickering emulsion	Dewey et al. (2014)
Lipid MP	5–38 µm	-	Chitosan	Emulsion evaporation	Scalia et al. (2015)
PLGA MP	∼200 µm	-	Alginate	Coaxial electrospray	Choi et al. (2010)
Starch MP	300–750 µm	-	Chitosan	Adsorption	Song et al. (2021)