A, Associations among 230 participants with low CES. B, Associations among 396 participants with high CES. Associations were adjusted for weekly temperature, maternal age, educational level, prepregnancy body mass index, ethnicity and nativity, marital status, and birth order. Outcome estimation was based on per IQR increases in each air pollutant: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), 4 μg/m3; particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10), 12 μg/m3; nitrogen dioxide (NO2), 11 ppb; and ozone (O3), 15 ppb.