Table 1.

Competing-cost pairs (CCPs) were established for seven of the eight participants for which this was feasible. The presence of a CCP was determined by comparing the mean crouch and pre-transition incline's percentage change from upright (normal) walking on a 0% incline for: (i) metabolic power (C_met,P) and the mean of the squared activations (${\overline{C}}_{a^2}$), (ii) C_met,P and the maximal muscle activation (${\overline{C}}_{a,\max }$) and (iii) C_met,P and the volume-weighted muscle activations (${\overline{C}}_{a,\mathrm{vol}}$). The pre-transition incline is defined as the steepest incline that was selected over crouch. *Significant difference (p < 0.05) between the crouch and pre-transition incline trials for participants with a CCP (n = 7).

participant ID	pre-transition incline %	${{\mathit{C}}_{\mathbf{m}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{t},\mathit{P}}}^{\ast }$ (%)		${{\overline{C}}_{{\mathit{a}}^2}}^{\ast }$ (%)			${{\overline{C}}_{a,\max }}^{\ast }$ (%)			${{\overline{C}}_{a,\mathrm{vol}}}^{\ast }$ (%)
		crouch	pre-transition incline	crouch	pre-transition incline	CCP established?	crouch	pre-transition incline	CCP established?	crouch	pre-transition incline	CCP established?
1	12	172.5	189.5	566.0	290.8	Y	292.2	196.8	Y	167.1	125.7	Y
2	18	226.4	236.3	1382.3	794.3	Y	575.9	399.7	Y	308.1	236.9	Y
3	18	229.9	266.9	1410.1	799.4	Y	533.8	463.1	Y	222.5	161.4	Y
4	12	137.6	182.5	605.2	373.1	Y	429.4	227.2	Y	169.5	155.9	Y
5	18	170.9	200.6	NA	NA	–	NA	NA	−	NA	NA	−
6	12	204.9	202.5	1409.4	454.2	N	747.6	368.4	N	239.7	154.4	N
7	18	174.6	245.6	NA	NA	–	NA	NA	–	NA	NA	−
8	18	137.6	199.3	284.4	211.4	Y	219.5	165.6	Y	166.9	143.4	Y
9	18	169.6	215.9	584.3	308.0	Y	380.7	249.3	Y	198.8	156.8	Y
10	18	160.1	217.0	469.2	359.1	Y	297.3	233.9	Y	167.2	154.2	Y