NSF increased size of muscle fiber and the expression of myogenic transcription factors in old mice. (A) Histological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin staining of the gastrocnemius (GAS, top) and quadriceps (QUA, bottom) muscles. (B) Quantification of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers. The CSA of each muscle fiber was measured using the Image J program. The protein expression levels of myogenic transcription factors were assessed by western blotting in (C) GAS and (D) QUA muscles. Ctrl, control; YM, young mice. The comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Distinct letters present statistically considerable differences; p < 0.05, a > ab > b > c.