Table 2.
Children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes from 2006 to 2019, with prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis and corresponding relative annual percentage changes
| All individuals, 2006–19 | Individuals with no diabetic ketoacidosis, 2006–19 | Individuals with diabetic ketoacidosis, 2006–19 | Adjusted mean annual percentage change in diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence, 2006–19 (95% CI) | p value for annual trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall dataset | 87 228 (100%) | 63 453 (72·7%) | 23 775 (27·3%) | 1·6% (1·3 to 1·9) | <0·0001 | |
| Age, years | 9·5 (5·9–12·5) | 9·5 (6·0–12·6) | 9·4 (5·1–12·3) | .. | .. | |
| Male | 47 066 (54·0%) | 34 486 (73·3%) | 12 580 (26·7%)* | 1·7% (1·3 to 2·1) | <0·0001 | |
| Female | 40 162 (46·0%) | 28 967 (72·1%) | 11 195 (27·9%)* | 1·4% (1·0 to 1·8) | <0·0001 | |
| By age | ||||||
| ≥6 months to <6 years | 22 192 (25·4%) | 15 515 (69·9%) | 6677 (30·1%)† | 1·1% (0·6 to 1·6) | <0·0001 | |
| ≥6 years to <12 years | 38 934 (44·6%) | 28 600 (73·5%) | 10 334 (26·5%)† | 1·7% (1·2 to 2·1) | <0·0001 | |
| ≥12 years to <18 years | 26 102 (29·9%) | 19 338 (74·1%) | 6764 (25·9%)† | 2·2% (1·7 to 2·8) | <0·0001 | |
| By country | ||||||
| Australia | 7648 | 4823 (63·1%) | 2825 (36·9%) | 4·0% (3·1 to 4·8) | <0·0001 | |
| Austria | 2468 | 1598 (64·7%) | 870 (35·3%) | 1·1% (−0·4 to 2·5) | 0·14 | |
| Czechia | 4197 | 3224 (76·8%) | 973 (23·2%) | 1·8% (0·3 to 3·3) | 0·020 | |
| Denmark | 4425 | 3498 (79·1%) | 927 (20·9%) | 1·9% (0·4 to 3·3) | 0·013 | |
| Germany | 33 221 | 26 486 (79·7%) | 6735 (20·3%) | 3·5% (2·9 to 4·0) | <0·0001 | |
| Italy | 13 444 | 7986 (59·4%) | 5458 (40·6%) | −1·1% (−1·6 to −0·6) | <0·0001 | |
| Luxemburg | 326 | 231 (70·9%) | 95 (29·1%) | −2·5% (−6·8 to 2·0) | 0·27 | |
| New Zealand | 916 | 639 (69·8%) | 277 (30·2%) | 2·0% (−0·9 to 5·1) | 0·18 | |
| Norway | 4311 | 3225 (74·8%) | 1086 (25·2%) | 0·6% (−0·7 to 1·9) | 0·36 | |
| Slovenia | 796 | 492 (61·8%) | 304 (38·2%) | 2·6% (0·4 to 4·9) | 0·022 | |
| Sweden | 9996 | 7925 (79·3%) | 2071 (20·7%) | 1·9% (0·9 to 2·8) | 0·0001 | |
| USA‡ | 3111 | 1604 (51·6%) | 1507 (48·4%) | 2·5% (1·2 to 3·9) | 0·0002 | |
| Wales | 2369 | 1722 (72·7%) | 647 (27·3%) | 3·5% (1·8 to 5·2) | <0·0001 | |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR), unless otherwise stated. The analysis of the temporal trend for diabetic ketoacidosis was adjusted for sex and age group, except for the age-stratified and sex-stratified subanalysis. Trend analysis for the international cohort included country as random intercept.
*
Significantly higher diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence in female individuals (p=0·0002).
†
Significantly different diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence between age groups (p<0·0001).
‡
The state of Colorado, USA.