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. 2022 Oct 17;12(20):2802. doi: 10.3390/ani12202802

Table 4.

Mann–Whitney test parameters for selected questionnaire items. Example of the item coding system: QXX_ETR = Q (question) × X (item order in the questionnaire), _ETR (item-related driver). For the Mann–Whitney test, the location parameter is given by the Hodges–Lehmann estimate. Levene’s test is significant (p < 0.05), suggesting a violation of the equal variance assumption (it may determine a bias in the interpretation).

W P Hodges–Lehmann Estimate Rank-Biserial Correlation
Q24_WORKP 9444.50 0.04 3.15 × 10−5 0.14
Q23_ETR 10,399.50 9.71 × 10−5 5.91 × 10−5 0.26
Q6_FAM 4798.00 2.06 × 10−5 −1.00 −0.31
Q10_EMA 9168.00 0.09 4.74 × 10−5 0.12
Q11_EMA. 9526.50 0.03 4.22 × 10−5 0.16
Q51_PWM 11,299.00 9.96 × 10−8 1.00 0.38
Q18_PERF 8782.50 0.37 1.34 × 10−5 0.06
Q19_PER 8834.00 0.29 1.65 × 10−5 0.07
Q21_PERF 11,817.50 3.36 × 10−10 1.00 0.44