Table 4. Estimated dietary exposure to aflatoxins and attributable cases of HCC in Nigeria and Malaysia.

Country	Type of sample analysed	Variables	Aflatoxins levels (ng/gm)	Calculated DERA (ng/kgbw/day)	Calculated HCC per 100,000/year	% Incidence of the HCC per 100,000
Nigeria	Rice	Mean	29.64	50.08	4.13	57.94
		Min	5.1	8.62	0.71	9.97
		Max	81.8	138.20	11.40	159.91
	Wheat	Mean	46.36	42.33	3.49	48.98
		Min	1.4	1.28	0.11	1.48
		Max	93.6	57.49	4.74	66.52
	Maize	Mean	28.38	28.38	2.34	32.84
		Min	9.4	9.40	0.78	10.88
		Max	49.8	49.80	4.11	57.62
	Peanut	Mean	37.52	23.04	1.90	26.66
		Min	1.5	0.92	0.08	1.07
		Max	87.3	53.62	4.42	62.04
Malaysia	Rice	Mean	6.52	11.02	0.28	5.62
		Min	4.9	8.28	0.21	4.22
		Max	11.9	20.11	0.50	10.26
	Wheat	Mean	28.3	10.75	0.27	5.49
		Min	14.4	5.47	0.14	2.79
		Max	71.15	27.03	0.68	13.79
	Maize	Mean	15.54	5.90	0.15	3.01
		Min	4.1	1.56	0.04	0.79
		Max	26.7	10.14	0.25	5.18
	Peanut	Mean	16.42	10.08	0.25	5.15
		Min	8.6	5.28	0.13	2.69
		Max	24.8	15.23	0.38	7.77

Note:

– Min and Max are the minimum and maximum levels of aflatoxins in the samples, respectively.

– Calculated DERA (ng/kg BW/day) was computed as:

– Level of aflatoxins in food (ng/g) × Daily food intake per person (g/day) / Average bogy weight of an adult in the population (kgbw)(2) [75]

– Calculated HCC per 100,000/year was computed as:

– Estimated DERA (ng/KgBw/day) × Average cancer potency in the population (3) 75

– % Incidence of the HCC per 100,000 was computed as:

– Attributable HCC per 100,000/year / Average liver cancer incidence in the population × 100 (4) 75