Table 4.
Number of synthesis units showing negative (-), positive ( +), and no evidence (o) of association observed between barriers and facilitators and higher levels of domain-specific physical activity
| Barriers and facilitators | Leisure | Travel | Work or education | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | o | + | - | o | + | - | o | + | |
| Intrapersonal factors | |||||||||
| Availability of personal equipment | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Better skills | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pleasure and fun with physical activity | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Higher motivation and having goals | 0 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours | 8 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Lower costs | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| More positive beliefs about capabilities | 0 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| More positive beliefs about consequences | 0 | 3 | 18 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| More/Better knowledge | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Negative emotions | 7 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Positive past experiences | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Worse health condition | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Social environment and interpersonal factors | |||||||||
| Better/More positive general social support | 0 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Better/More positive social norms | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Better/More positive support from family | 0 | 6 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Better/More positive support from friends | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Better/More positive support from others | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Higher physical activity of friends and family | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Worse perceived safety | 6 | 14 | 0 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Built environment factors | |||||||||
| Better general urban design and built environment | 0 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 10 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Better land use mix | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Better quality and condition of places | 0 | 15 | 11 | 0 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 8 |
| Better road safety | 0 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 14 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Better street connectivity | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Better public transport provision | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Better walkability | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Existence of active travel infrastructure | 0 | 13 | 7 | 0 | 17 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Existence of facilities within places | 0 | 24 | 11 | 0 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 55 | 12 |
| Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places | 0 | 20 | 11 | 0 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Programmatic factors | |||||||||
| Better quality of instructors | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Better quality of physical activity programs | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Longer recess duration | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| Participation in supervised activities | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 |