Table 1.

A variety of plant parts were utilized to synthesize zinc nanoparticles.

Reducing Factor	Plant Part	Size (nm) and Shape	Characterization	Application	Ref No.
Hibiscus subdariffa	Leaf	16–60 nm Spherical	UV, FTIR, XRD, EDX, FESEM, and HRTEM	Anti-diabetic activity	[62]
Phlomis	Leaf	79 nm Hexagonal form	UV, FTIR, XRD, EDX, Zeta potential and FESEM	Antibacterial (S. aureus and E. coli)	[63]
Aquilegia pubiflora	Leaf	34.23 nm Elliptical	UV, FTIR, XRD, EDX, Zeta potential and SEM	Anti-Alzheimer	[64]
Sambucus ebulus	Leaf	40–45 nm Hexagonal	UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, EDX, and FESEM	A photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants	[55]
Eucalyptus globulus	Leaf	11.6 nm Spherical	UV, FTIR, XRD, EADX, FESEM, and HRTEM	A ntioxidant activity by DPPH assay	[65]
Hyssops officinalis L.	Leaf	20–40 nm Pseudo spherical	UV, FTIR,. FESEM, and DLS	Anti-angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity properties	[66]
Aloe barbadensis miller	Leaf	25–40nm Spherical	UV, XRD, SEM, and TEM	Optical activity	[67]
Pomegranate	Fruit	9.7 ± 3 nm Polyhedral shapes	UV, FTIR, XRD, and HR-TEM	Agent for methylene blue degradation	[68]
Myristica fragrans	Fruit	66 nm Elliptical shape	UV-Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, Zeta-potential, TGA, SEM and TEM	Antioxidant activity	[69]
Sea Buckthorn	Fruit	17.15 nm Hexagonal	UV, XRD, TGA, XPS and FE-TEM	Improvement of wastewater treatment	[70]
Ailanthus altissima	Fruit	5–18 nm Spheres	UV, FTIR, XRD, EDAX, and SEM	Antibacterial against S. aureus, and E. coli	[71]
Rubus ellipticus	Fruit	20 nm Spherical	UV, FTIR, XRD, TEM, FESEM and XPS	Antioxidant, and antibacterial	[72]
Syzygium cumini	Seed	∼48 nm Spherical	UV, FTIR, XRD, and SEM	Water purification	[73]
Nigella sativa L.	Seed	20 nm Spherical	UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, and SEM	Food additives	[74]
Foeniculum vulgare Mill	Seed	23–51 nm Spherical	UV, FTIR, XRD, and TEM	Antimicrobial agent	[75]
Peganum harmala	Seed	40 nm None uniform	UV, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TEM	Environmental adsorbent	[76]
Zingiber officinale	Root	30–50 nm Spherical	FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM	Biological activity	[77]
Scutellaria baicalensis	Root	∼40 nm Nearly spherical	UV, FTIR, EDX, FE-TEM, and XRD	Reducing agent for photocatalysis	[78]
Polygala tenuifolia	Root	9.22 nm Spherical	UV, FTIR, TEM, SEM and TGA.	anti-inflammatory	[79]
Sphagneticola trilobata Lin	Root	65–80nm Spherical	XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS	Enhancement plant growth	[80]
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis	Flower	12–32 nm Spherical	UV, FTIR, XRD, TEM and DLS	Antioxidant fungal	[81]
Pomegranate (Punica ranatum)	Flower	52.50 nm Spike-like	UV, FTIR, XRD, TEM and EDX	Antioxidant bacterial	[82]
Anchusa italica	Flower	8–14 nm Spherical	UV, FTIR, TEM, and XRD	Antibacterial and cytotoxicity	[83]
Trifolium pratense	Flower	100 nm Spherical	UV, XRD, FTIR EDX and SEM	Antimicrobial Activities	[84]