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Acute Inflammatory Response. EC, endothelial cells; M, monocyte/macrophage; RBC, red blood cell; ECJ, endothelial cell junction. Upon tissue insult, several vasoactive and chemotactic substances are released at the injury site. The vasoactive substances act upon the endothelial cells of the venule, producing vascular effects. The activated macrophages escape through the endothelial cell junctions and are attracted to the inflammatory site where cytokines are released [60,61,62].
