Table 1.

Summary of main guidelines recommendations on antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients with cancer.

Guidelines	Recommendation	Strength of Recommendation
ECIL-8 [13]	Primary antifungal prophylaxis is strongly recommended for pediatric patients at high risk of IFD (acute myeloid leukemia, recurrent leukemia, high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia, allogeneic HSCT in the pre-engraftment and in the post-engraftment phase, augmented immunosuppressive treatment.	Strong
	Local epidemiology should be considered for the choice of the agent.	Strong
COG [39]	Antifungal prophylaxis must be administered in patients receiving treatment of acute myeloid leukemia that it is expected to result in profound and prolonged neutropenia, preferring a mold active agent.	Strong High-quality evidence
	Antifungal prophylaxis should be not administered to patients with cancer at low risk for IFD (pediatric patients with lymphomas and solid tumors), while it is routinary in children undergoing allogeneic HSCT pre-engraftment and in those receiving systemic immunosuppression for the treatment of GvHD.	Strong Moderate-quality evidence
	Do not administer antifungal prophylaxis to pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at low risk for IFD.	Strong Low-quality evidence
	Consider antifungal prophylaxis for pediatric patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed leukemia at high risk for IFD.	Weak Low-quality evidence

COG, Children’s’ Oncology Group; ECIL-8, 8th European Conference on Infections in Leukemia; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; GvHD, graft versus host disease; IFD, invasive fungal infection.