ROS	reactive oxygen species;
HCC	hepatic carcinogenesis;
HBV	hepatitis B virus;
HCV	hepatitis C virus;
ALD	alcohol-related liver disease;
NAFLD	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen;
KC	Kupffer cells;
HSCs	hepatic stellate cells;
ECs	endothelial cells;
PRR	pattern recognition receptor;
DAMPs	damage-associated molecular patterns;
PAMPs	pathogen-associated molecular patterns;
HAMPs	homeostasis-altering molecular processes;
NOD	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain;
NLRC	NOD-like receptor CARD domain containing;
NLRP	NOD-like receptor Pyrin domain containing;
TNFR	tumor necrosis factor receptor;
TLR	Toll-like receptors;
ECM	extracellular matrix;
TGF-β1	transforming growth factor β1;
αSMA	α-smooth muscle actin;
BDL	bile duct ligation;
NASH	non-alcohol associated steatohepatitis;
HIF-1α	Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α;
ET-1	endothelin-1;
LSEC	liver sinusoidal endothelial cells;
DAAs	direct-acting antiviral agents;
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma;
SVR	sustained virologic response;
FXR or NR1H4	farnesoid receptor;
PKCf	Protein kinase C f;
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase;
VSMCs	Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells;
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor;
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor;
VEGFR2	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2;
RTK	receptor tyrosine kinase;
GPCR	G protein-coupled receptors;
SRC	protooncogene tyrosine-protein kinase;
RAS	serine-threonine kinase;
PTEN	lipid tyrosine phosphatase;
PI3K	phosphoinositol 3-kinase;
mTOR	target of rapamycin;
HIF	hypoxia-inducible factors;
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor;
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases;
HIFs	hypoxia-inducible transcription factors;
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase;
TSG	tumor-suppressor gene.