Table 6.

Comparison of the results for different problem sizes.

Problem	Exact		GA			GWO			PBO			HHO
	Time	result	Time	Ave.	Best	Time	Ave.	Best	Time	Ave.	Best	Time	Ave.	Best
S01	44	903,687	93	800,327	790,287	83	835,365	815,305	98	771,618	713,822	89	787,200	765,038
S02	45	1,208,304	94	901,033	890,993	84	959,698	939,638	99	868,711	803,631	90	891,557	879,429
S03	53	1,507,789	104	1,517,660	1,517,660	93	1,754,154	1,553,554	110	1,463,220	1,353,435	100	1,515,926	1,413,681
M04	55	1,560,602	108	1,867,934	1,841,248	98	1,975,366	1,867,276	114	1,800,928	1,666,067	104	1,848,391	1,746,076
M05	72	3,698,894	110	4,951,038	4,872,923	99	5,239,371	4,949,626	116	4,773,437	4,416,054	106	4,810,293	4,806,066
M06	89	6,293,699	116	8,902,063	8,670,748	104	9,507,349	8,903,618	122	8,582,733	7,941,041	112	8,724,873	8,420,541
L07	NA	NA	120	10,717,159	10,288,680	108	15,633,464	10,766,502	126	10,332,719	9,570,510	116	10,422,285	10,017,928
L08	NA	NA	130	16,139,720	15,616,984	117	19,951,159	16,282,902	137	15,560,764	14,427,878	125	15,915,250	15,510,993
L09	NA	NA	133	23,525,212	22,742,367	120	26,320,433	23,763,227	141	22,681,328	21,036,410	129	22,935,963	22,331,644
L10	NA	NA	144	26,480,396	24,421,138	130	29,693,021	26,772,977	152	25,530,505	23,684,319	139	26,043,348	24,039,035
Average	NA	NA	115	9,580,254	9,165,303	103	11,129,478	9,632,565	122	9,236,596	8,561,317	111	9,389,509	8,993,043