Table 1.
Comparative chemical composition of essential oil of Vitex species.
| S. No. | Compound Name | Molecular Formula | R.I. | % Composition | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAO | VNO | VTO | ||||
| 1 | α-Thujene (MH) | C10H16 | 930 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 2 | α-Pinene (MH) | C10H16 | 939 | 8.2 | 2.6 | 1.6 |
| 3 | Sabinene (MH) | C10H16 | 975 | 13.3 | 19.4 | 2.0 |
| 4 | β-Pinene (MH) | C10H16 | 979 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| 5 | Oct-1-en-3-ol | C8H16O | 979 | - | 0.5 | 4.0 |
| 6 | Myrcene (MH) | C10H16 | 990 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| 7 | α-Phellandrene (MH) | C10H16 | 1002 | - | - | 4.2 |
| 8 | α-Terpinene (MH) | C10H16 | 1017 | - | 2.3 | - |
| 9 | β-Phellandrene (MH) | C10H16 | 1029 | - | 1.0 | - |
| 10 | 1,8-Cineole (OM) | C10H18O | 1031 | 25.0 | 1.2 | 2.1 |
| 11 | β-Ocimene (MH) | C10H16 | 1044 | 1.5 | - | - |
| 12 | γ-Terpinene (MH) | C10H16 | 1059 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 3.3 |
| 13 | Linalool oxide (OM) | C10H18O2 | 1086 | - | 0.4 | - |
| 14 | α-Terpinolene (MH) | C10H16 | 1088 | - | 1.2 | - |
| 15 | p-Cymene (MH) | C10H12 | 1091 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| 16 | Linalool (OM) | C10H18O | 1096 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 2.2 |
| 17 | trans-Sabinenehydrate (OM) | C10H18O | 1098 | 0.2 | 0.3 | - |
| 18 | Isoamyl isovalerate (Fatty Acid Ester) | C10H20O2 | 1103 | - | 0.1 | - |
| 19 | cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (OM) | C10H18O | 1121 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 20 | δ-Terpineol (OM) | C10H18O | 1166 | 0.5 | - | - |
| 21 | Terpinen-4-ol (OM) | C10H18O | 1177 | 1.9 | 5.4 | 1.8 |
| 22 | Cryptone (OM) | C9H14O | 1185 | 0.1 | - | - |
| 23 | α-Terpineol (OM) | C10H18O | 1188 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.3 |
| 24 | Myrtenol (OM) | C10H16O | 1195 | - | 0.1 | - |
| 25 | cis-Piperitol (OM) | C10H18O | 1196 | - | 0.1 | - |
| 26 | γ-Terpineol (OM) | C10H18O | 1199 | 0.1 | - | - |
| 27 | trans-Piperitol (OM) | C10H18O | 1208 | - | - | 0.8 |
| 28 | β-Citronellol (OM) | C10H20O | 1225 | 1.4 | - | 0.5 |
| 29 | cis-Verbenyl acetate (OM) | C12H18O2 | 1282 | 1.1 | - | - |
| 30 | Dihydroedulan II | C13H22O2 | 1284 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| 31 | Theaspirane A (OM) | C13H22O2 | 1290 | - | 1.5 | 0.2 |
| 32 | α-Terpinyl acetate (OM) | C12H20O2 | 1349 | 5.5 | - | 0.5 |
| 33 | β-Citronellyl acetate (OM) | C12H22O2 | 1352 | 1.3 | - | - |
| 34 | β-Damascenone (OM) | C13H18O | 1384 | - | 0.1 | - |
| 35 | β-Bourbonene (SH) | C15H24 | 1388 | - | - | 0.7 |
| 36 | β-Elemene (SH) | C15H24 | 1390 | - | - | 0.8 |
| 37 | β-Caryophyllene (SH) | C15H24 | 1419 | 3.7 | 7.5 | 16.2 |
| 38 | Methyl-isoeugenol (Phenylpropanoid) | C11H14O2 | 1453 | - | - | 3.1 |
| 39 | α-Humulene (SH) | C15H24 | 1454 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.4 |
| 40 | β-Farnesene (SH) | C15H24 | 1456 | 4.5 | 0.6 | - |
| 41 | β-Selinene (SH) | C15H24 | 1490 | - | 0.3 | - |
| 42 | epi-Cubebol (OS) | C15H26O | 1494 | - | - | 2.3 |
| 43 | Bicyclogermacrene (SH) | C15H24 | 1500 | 0.3 | - | - |
| 44 | α-Muurolene (SH) | C15H24 | 1500 | - | - | 1.5 |
| 45 | γ-Cadinene (SH) | C15H24 | 1513 | - | - | 0.8 |
| 46 | δ-Cadinene (SH) | C15H24 | 1523 | - | - | 0.5 |
| 47 | Hedycaryol (OS) | C15H26O | 1548 | - | 0.5 | - |
| 48 | β-Iraldeine (ionone) | C14H22O | 1557 | 3.8 | 6.4 | 2.0 |
| 49 | Nerolidol (OS) | C15H26O | 1563 | - | - | 2.2 |
| 50 | Spathulenol (OS) | C15H24O | 1578 | 1.4 | - | - |
| 51 | β-caryophyllene oxide (OS) | C15H24O | 1583 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 4.6 |
| 52 | Globulol (OS) | C15H26O | 1590 | - | 0.2 | 1.4 |
| 53 | Viridiflorol (OS) | C15H26O | 1592 | - | 17.8 | - |
| 54 | Ledol (OS) | C15H26O | 1602 | 0.4 | 1.0 | - |
| 55 | Humulene epoxide II (OS) | C15H24O | 1608 | - | - | 1.2 |
| 56 | Humulane-1,6-dien-3-ol (OS) | C15H26O | 1619 | 2.4 | 2.3 | - |
| 57 | epi-α-Cadinol (OS) | C15H26O | 1640 | 2.1 | - | - |
| 58 | α-Muurolol (OS) | C15H26O | 1646 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.7 |
| 59 | β-eudesmol (OS) | C15H26O | 1650 | 0.1 | 1.1 | - |
| 60 | Pogostol (OS) | C15H26O | 1653 | - | - | 1.6 |
| 61 | Drimenol (OS) | C15H26O | 1767 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
| 62 | Flourensadiol (OS) | C15H26O2 | 1870 | 0.1 | - | - |
| 63 | Cubitene (DT) | C20H32 | 1878 | - | 1.3 | - |
| 64 | Phytol (OD) | C20H40O | 1943 | - | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| 65 | 13-epi-manoyl oxide (OD) | C20H34O | 2002 | - | - | 5.6 |
| 66 | Manool (OD) | C20H34O | 2057 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 1.7 |
| 67 | Sclareolide (OD) | C16H26O2 | 2066 | - | 0.2 | - |
| 68 | Sclareol (OD) | C20H36O2 | 2223 | - | 1.7 | 1.0 |
| 69 | 5-(1-isopropenyl-4,5-dimethylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-5-yl)-3-methyl-2-pentenol acetate | C22H36O2 | 2265 | - | 5.2 | 11.7 |
| 70 | Larixol (OD) | C20H34O2 | 2266 | - | 0.7 | - |
| 71 | Verticiol (OD) | C20H34O | 2273 | - | - | 1.4 |
| 72 | 16-oxo-cleroda-3,13(14)-(e)-dien-15-oic acid (OD) | - | - | - | 2.8 | |
| Monoterpene hydrocarbon (MH) | 31.2 | 29.4 | 11.8 | |||
| Oxygenated monoterpene (OM) | 40.6 | 11.3 | 8.5 | |||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (SH) | 8.7 | 8.8 | 21.9 | |||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpene (OS) | 8.8 | 24.8 | 15.8 | |||
| Diterpene hydrocarbon (DT) | - | 1.3 | - | |||
| Oxygenated diterpene (OD) | 0.5 | 5.7 | 13.8 | |||
| Other than terpenoids | 3.9 | 12.3 | 21.3 | |||
| Total | 93.7 | 93.6 | 93.1 | |||
VAO = V. agnus-castus; VNO = V. negundo; VTO = V. trifolia; RI value = Retention index value on a DB-5MS column in reference Adams, 2007 [22], or on NIST webbook [23]. MH = Monoterpene hydrocarbon; OM = Oxygenated monoterpene; SH = Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons; OS = Oxygenated sesquiterpene; DT = Diterpenene hydrocarbon; OD = Oxygenated diterpene.