. 2022 Oct 18;11(10):2047. doi: 10.3390/antiox11102047

Table 3.

Content of phenolic compounds (μg/g of dried peel or pulp ± standard deviation) and anthocyanins (μg/g of fresh peel or pulp ± standard deviation) in C. australasica peel and pulp extracts. nd = not determined.

		Variety
Peak ^a	Compound		Collette	Yellow Sunshine	Pink Ice	Red	Faustrime
1a	Caffeoylisocitric acid (isomer I)	Peel	1.18 ± 0.19 ^C	1.45 ± 0.05 ^B	2.01 ± 0.0 ^A	1.23 ± 0.0 ^BC	0.837 ± 0.026 ^D
1a	Caffeoylisocitric acid (isomer I)	Pulp	0.911 ± 0.039 ^D	1.47 ± 0.06 ^B	2.23 ± 0.03 ^A	1.03 ± 0.03 ^C	0.919 ± 0.011 ^D
1b	Caffeoylisocitric acid (isomer II)	Peel	0.226 ± 0.031 ^C	0.283 ± 0.013 ^B	0.354 ± 0.012 ^A	0.212 ± 0.004 ^C	0.156 ± 0.014 ^D
1b	Caffeoylisocitric acid (isomer II)	Pulp	0.215 ± 0.022 ^C	0.379 ± 0.029 ^B	0.451 ± 0.026 ^A	0.179 ± 0.008 ^CD	0.159 ± 0.004 ^D
2	Caffeoylmethylisocitric acid	Peel	0.179 ± 0.023 ^A	0.143 ± 0.002 ^B	0.167 ± 0.002 ^A	0.153 ± 0.006 ^B	0.172 ± 0.003 ^A
2	Caffeoylmethylisocitric acid	Pulp	0.114 ± 0.006 ^D	0.143 ± 0.002 ^C	0.329 ± 0.000 ^A	0.071 ± 0.02 ^C	0.069 ± 0.001 ^B
5a	p-Coumaroylglucoside acid (isomer I)	Peel	0.105 ± 0.008 ^A	0.043 ± 0.007 ^C	0.092 ± 0.009 ^AB	0.080 ± 0.05 ^B	0.0066 ± 0.0003 ^D
5a	p-Coumaroylglucoside acid (isomer I)	Pulp	0.0072 ± 0.0005 ^BC	0.0092 ± 0.001 ^B	0.059 ± 0.006 ^A	0.0083 ± 0.0004 ^B	Not detected ^C
5b	p-Coumaroylglucoside acid (isomer II)	Peel	0.187 ± 0.008 ^A	0.089 ± 0.005 ^B	0.189 ± 0.022 ^A	0.171 ± 0.004 ^A	0.012 ± 0.001 ^D
5b	p-Coumaroylglucoside acid (isomer II)	Pulp	0.013 ± 0.001 ^B	0.016 ± 0.001 ^B	0.118 ± 0.006 ^A	0.018 ± 0.000 ^B	Not detected ^C
6a	Feruloylglucoside acid (isomer I)	Peel	0.011 ± 0.000 ^C	0.198 ± 0.018 ^A	0.013 ± 0.001 ^C	0.036 ± 0.002 ^B	0.0033 ± 0.0001 ^C
6a	Feruloylglucoside acid (isomer I)	Pulp	0.0015 ±0.0001 ^D	0.0031 ± 0.003 ^C	0.010 ± 0.000 ^A	0.0061 ± 0.0002 ^B	Not detected ^E
6b	Feruloylglucoside acid (isomer II)	Peel	0.064 ± 0.008 ^B	0.388 ± 0.032 ^A	0.021 ± 0.003 ^B	0.060 ± 0.003 ^B	0.017 ± 0.002 ^B
6b	Feruloylglucoside acid (isomer II)	Pulp	0.0030 ±0.0002 ^CD	0.0045 ± 0.0005 ^BC	0.025 ± 0.003 ^A	0.0068 ± 0.0001 ^B	Not detected ^D
7	Rutin	Peel	198 ± 13 ^A	18.7 ± 2.0 ^C	128 ± 12 ^B	5.69 ± 0.49 ^C	19.6 ± 1.3 ^C
7	Rutin	Pulp	7.50 ± 0.29 ^B	2.64 ± 0.21 ^D	21.1 ± 1.7 ^A	0.534 ± 0.136 ^D	4.72 ± 0.65 ^C
8	Quercetin glucoside	Peel	105 ± 5 ^C	145 ± 12 ^B	106 ± 10 ^C	245 ± 9 ^A	2.32 ± 0.03 ^D
8	Quercetin glucoside	Pulp	28.6 ± 1.4 ^A	11.7 ± 0.8 ^B	32.0 ± 7.5 ^A	12.3 ± 0.2 ^B	0.775 ± 0.050 ^C
9	Neoeriocitrin/eriocitrin	Peel	Not detected ^B	Not detected ^B	Not detected ^B	Not detected ^B	316 ± 27 ^A
9	Neoeriocitrin/eriocitrin	Pulp	0.488 ± 0.109 ^B	1.38 ± 0.06 ^B	1.06 ± 0.05 ^B	Trace ^B	56.8 ± 2.8 ^A
10	Luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside/rutinoside	Peel	660 ± 50 ^A	14.7 ± 1.2 ^C	224 ± 19 ^B	7.72 ± 0.35 ^C	Not detected ^C
10	Luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside/rutinoside	Pulp	19.1 ± 0.9 ^B	4.87 ± 0.25 ^C	35.7 ± 2.7 ^A	1.55 ± 0.06 ^C	38.0 ± 2.4 ^A
11	Kaempferol glucoside	Peel	11.8 ± 0.8 ^C	14.3 ± 1.4 ^C	76.0 ± 7.2 ^A	43.8 ± 2.2 ^B	2.55 ± 0.13 ^D
11	Kaempferol glucoside	Pulp	1.99 ± 0.12 ^BC	1.06 ± 0.06 ^C	10.7 ± 0.8 ^A	2.89 ± 0.05 ^B	Not detected ^D
12a	Isorhamnetin glucoside (isomer I)	Peel	288 ± 14 ^B	171 ± 11 ^C	47.8 ± 3.9 ^D	376 ± 21 ^A	5.15 ± 0.31 ^E
12a	Isorhamnetin glucoside (isomer I)	Pulp	69.3 ± 2.3 ^A	32.2 ± 1.0 ^C	44.1 ± 2.6 ^B	65.0 ± 1.2 ^A	3.31 ± 0.09 ^D
12b	Isorhamnetin glucoside (isomer II)	Peel	37.6 ± 1.2 ^C	161 ± 10 ^B	15.5 ± 1.0 ^D	234 ± 4 ^A	1.04 ± 0.06 ^E
12b	Isorhamnetin glucoside (isomer II)	Pulp	15.4 ± 0.9 ^B	20.9 ± 0.8 ^A	7.86 ± 0.57 ^C	20.5 ± 0.4 ^A	0.426 ± 0.031 ^D
13a	Naringin/naringenin rutinoside	Peel	Not detected ^B	9.65 ± 0.72 ^B	Not detected ^B	Trace ^B	145 ± 12 ^A
13a	Naringin/naringenin rutinoside	Pulp	0.176 ± 0.049 ^C	4.60 ± 0.20 ^B	0.379 ± 0.050 ^C	Not detected ^C	13.6 ± 0.5 ^A
13b	Naringin/naringenin rutinoside	Peel	21.9 ± 1.9 ^C	146 ± 12 ^B	22.0 ± 2.4 ^C	1061 ± 63 ^A	2.26 ± 0.25 ^C
13b	Naringin/naringenin rutinoside	Pulp	15.1 ± 0.5 ^BC	17.4 ± 1.1 ^B	13.5 ± 0.8 ^C	131 ± 1 ^A	Trace ^D
14a	3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl isorhamnetin glucoside (I)	Peel	573 ± 24 ^A	92.3 ± 5.8 ^B	36.1 ± 2.5 ^C	102 ± 2 ^B	7.53 ± 0.37 ^C
	3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl isorhamnetin glucoside (I)	Pulp	108 ± 6 ^A	31.4 ± 1.6 ^C	48.7 ± 3.2 ^B	22.9 ± 0.3 ^C	5.79 ± 0.25 ^D
14b	3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl isorhamnetin glucoside (II)	Peel	67.0 ± 4.2 ^A	30.2 ± 1.8 ^C	4.02 ± 0.34 ^D	42.9 ± 2.2 ^B	1.39 ± 0.10 ^D
14b	3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl isorhamnetin glucoside (II)	Pulp	25.8 ± 1.5 ^A	9.53 ± 0.55 ^B	5.21 ± 0.46 ^C	10.3 ± 0.3 ^B	0.553 ± 0.008 ^D
15	Neodiosmin/diosmin	Peel	Not detected ^C	79.7 ± 7.5 ^B	Not detected ^C	Trace ^C	606 ± 41 ^A
15	Neodiosmin/diosmin	Pulp	1.70 ± 0.18 ^C	49.6 ± 3.1 ^B	4.41 ± 1.10 ^C	1.39 ± 0.07 ^C	198 ± 8 ^A
16a	Neohesperidin/hesperidin	Peel	2.11 ± 0.20 ^B	74.6 ± 7.4 ^B	2.61 ± 0.13 ^B	4.21 ± 1.03 ^B	1495 ± 107 ^A
16a	Neohesperidin/hesperidin	Pulp	4.72 ± 1.20 ^C	48.5 ± 1.7 ^B	6.52 ± 0.49 ^C	3.31 ± 0.14 ^C	174 ± 5 ^A
16b	Neohesperidin/hesperidin	Peel	Trace ^B	502 ± 43 ^A	2.92 ± 0.10 ^B	18.0 ± 1.9 ^B	10.5 ± 2.6 ^B
16b	Neohesperidin/hesperidin	Pulp	1.53 ± 0.43 ^B	107 ± 7 ^A	1.67 ± 0.11 ^B	4.43 ± 0.18 ^B	0.471 ± 0.149 ^B
17	Isosakuranetin rhamnosyldiglucoside	Peel	1119 ± 102 ^A	13.4 ± 1.2 ^C	911 ± 92 ^B	2.21 ± 0.00 ^C	4.09 ± 0.45 ^C
17	Isosakuranetin rhamnosyldiglucoside	Pulp	157 ± 4 ^B	2.17 ± 0.12 ^C	272 ± 13 ^A	1.49 ± 0.09 ^C	0.348 ± 0.029 ^C
18	Di-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl) isorhamnetin glucoside	Peel	114 ± 10 ^A	28.2 ± 2.2 ^C	4.11 ± 0.12 ^D	41.2 ± 1.1 ^B	11.6 ± 0.4 ^D
18	Di-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl) isorhamnetin glucoside	Pulp	10.1 ± 0.6 ^A	9.61 ± 0.58 ^A	6.57 ± 0.53 ^B	6.20 ± 0.01 ^B	3.87 ± 0.22 ^C
19	Kaempferol triglucoside	Peel	11.8 ± 0.8 ^A	Trace ^C	9.85 ± 0.82 ^B	Not detected ^C	Trace ^C
19	Kaempferol triglucoside	Pulp	2.09 ± 0.05 ^B	Not detected ^C	3.24 ± 0.12 ^A	Not detected ^C	Not detected ^C
21	Poncirin	Peel	221 ± 12 ^B	15.6 ± 1.3 ^D	767 ± 68 ^A	120 ± 9.0 ^C	3.68 ± 0.34 ^D
21	Poncirin	Pulp	142 ± 5 ^B	4.82 ± 0.20 ^D	371 ± 6.6 ^A	15.8 ± 0.2 ^C	0.295 ± 0.006 ^D
	Total flavonoids and phenolic acids	Peel	3432 ± 239	1519 ± 121	2360 ± 220	2306 ± 117	2635 ± 193
		Pulp	612 ± 26	361 ± 19	896 ± 43	301 ± 4.0	502 ± 20
	Anthocyanins
Peak	Compound		Collette	Yellow Sunshine	Pink Ice	Red	*Faustrime*
22	Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside	Peel	20.0 ± 0.5 ^A	nd	nd	12.3 ± 0.2 ^B	nd
	Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside	Pulp	nd	nd	0.925 ± 0.07 ^B	1.44 ± 0.09 ^A	nd
23	Petunidin rhamnosyldiglucoside	Peel	Trace ^B	nd	Nd	20.4 ± 0.3 ^A	nd
	Petunidin rhamnosyldiglucoside	Pulp	nd	nd	Trace ^B	3.41 ± 0.10 ^A	nd
24	Cyanidin 3-(6′′-malonylglucoside)	Peel	20.3 ± 1.0 ^A	nd	nd	17.1 ± 0.3 ^B	nd
	Cyanidin 3-(6′′-malonylglucoside)	Pulp	nd	nd	Trace ^B	0.62 ± 0.14 ^A	nd
25	Delfinidin rhamnosylglucoside	Peel	71.1 ± 1.0 ^A	nd	nd	3.80 ± 0.15 ^B	nd
		Pulp	nd	nd	1.98 ± 0.01 ^A	Not detected ^B	nd
26	Peonidin 3-(6″-malonylglucoside)	Peel	31.8 ± 0.7 ^B	nd	nd	42.6 ± 1.3 ^A	nd
	Peonidin 3-(6″-malonylglucoside)	Pulp	nd	nd	1.47 ± 0.03 ^B	2.79 ± 0.23 ^A	nd
	Total anthocyanins	Peel	143.2 ± 3.2	nd	nd	96.2 ± 2.3	nd
		Pulp	nd	nd	4.38 ± 0.11	8.26 ± 0.56	nd
	Total phenols	Peel	3575 ± 242	1519 ± 121	2360 ± 220	2402 ± 119	2635 ± 193
		Pulp	612 ± 26	361 ± 19	900 ± 43	309 ± 4.6	502 ± 20

^a Compound numbers correspond to the peak numbers in Figure 1. The superscript uppercase letters (A–E) indicate statistically significant differences among the varieties.