Table 2.
Chemical compounds in analyzed samples of Cordyceps militaris [mg/100 g d.w.].
| Mushroom Material | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analyzed Compounds | Mycelium from In Vitro Cultures | Fruiting Bodies (Own Cultivation) |
Medium after Cultivation | Fruiting Bodies (Commercial Cultivation) |
Food Supplement 1 | Food Supplement 2 |
| Indole Compounds | ||||||
| L-Tryptophan | 5.84 ± 0.18 b | 6.42 ± 0.03 b | nd | 8.71 ± 0.03 a | 7.75 ± 1.56 a | 2.76 ± 0.01 c |
| 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan | 206 ± 3 b | 81.1 ± 4.3 e | 70.7 ± 0.7 f | 185 ± 3 c | 296 ± 3 a | 140 ± 4 d |
| Serotonin | nd | 39.4 ± 0.2 b | 33.9 ± 1.2 c | nd | nd | 122 ± 3 a |
| Tryptamine | nd | * | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Melatonin | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| Phenolic Compounds | ||||||
| p-Hydroxybenzoic acid | nd | 0.038 ± 0.001 a | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Quercitrin | 2.54 ± 0.01 b | 2.10 ± 0.01 a | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Rutoside | 1.17 ± 0.02 a | 0.066 ± 0.002 b | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Sterols | ||||||
| Ergosterol | 477 ± 1 a | 95.5 ± 0.4 e | 259 ± 1 b | 142 ± 3 d | 155 ± 1 c | 4.28 ± 0.01 f |
| Ergosterol peroxide | * | * | nd | * | * | nd |
| α-Tocopherol | 148 ± 1 b | 9.83 ± 0.11 d | nd | 96.3 ± 5.2 c | 242 ± 1 a | 5.87 ± 0.02 d |
| Other organic Compounds | ||||||
| Cordycepin | 6.34 ± 0.40 a | 25.9 ± 0.6 d | 24.3 ± 1.2 d | 57.5 ± 0.4 c | 60.4 ± 0.1 b | 81.4 ± 3.1 a |
| Lovastatin | 29.7 ± 1.1 c | 30.5 ± 1.5 c | 1.90 ± 0.13 d | 36.4 ± 0.1 b | 53.6 ± 0.3 a | 35.4 ± 5.0 b |
| Ergothioneine | 10.4 ± 1.7 a | 8.97 ± 0.38 ab | 4.21 ± 0.13 c | 8.74 ± 0.73 ab | 7.93 ± 0.66 b | 2.56 ± 0.06 c |
| L-Phenylalanine | 224 ± 2 a | 6.56 ± 0.07 c | nd | nd | nd | 117 ± 4 b |
| Antioxidant Activity | ||||||
| % DPPH | 7.85 ± 0.16 e | 26.0 ± 0.9 b | 18.5 ± 0.5 c | 38.4 ± 0.4 a | 15.3 ± 0.1 d | 17.2 ± 0.5 c |
| Total phenolic content | 34.9 ± 1.2 d | 149 ± 2 a | 91.3 ± 1.6 c | 110 ± 1 b | 150 ± 2 a | 88.8 ± 1.5 c |
| After Extraction in Digestive Juices | ||||||
| Gastric Juice | ||||||
| L-Tryptophan | nd | 17.7 ± 1.1 b | - | 41.5 ± 0.1 a | 13.7 ± 1.6 c | 3.83 ± 0.04 d |
| 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan | 15.2 ± 1.8 c | 10.4 ± 0.8 d | - | 21.3 ± 2.0 b | 37.3 ± 0.7 a | 11.3 ± 0.1 d |
| Melatonin | nd | * | - | nd | nd | * |
| Ergosterol | 4.63 ± 0.01 c | 4.81 ± 0.01 b | - | 4.69 ± 0.01 c | 7.15 ± 0.07 a | 4.49 ± 0.01 d |
| Ergosterol peroxide | * | * | - | * | * | * |
| Cordycepin | 1.68 ± 0.02 a | nd | - | nd | nd | nd |
| Lovastatin | nd | * | - | nd | * | nd |
| Ergothioneine | 21.9 ± 1.0 b | 28.3 ± 0.8 a | - | 19.4 ± 0.3 c | 22.5 ± 1.5 b | 2.82 ± 0.03 d |
| L-Phenylalanine | 208 ± 1 a | nd | - | nd | nd | 26.2 ± 0.3 b |
| Intestinal Juice | ||||||
| L-Tryptophan | 4.07 ± 0.06 c | 7.63 ± 0.03 a | - | 7.44 ± 0.08 b | 7.42 ± 0.07 b | nd |
| 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan | 21.8 ± 2.7 a | 17.1 ± 0.8 b | - | 17.6 ± 1.2 b | 22.3 ± 0.5 a | 3.40 ± 0.27 c |
| Melatonin | * | nd | - | * | * | nd |
| Ergosterol | 4.57 ± 0.01 c | 4.63 ± 0.02 b | - | 4.63 ± 0.01 b | 8.14 ± 0.04 a | 4.50 ± 0.01 d |
| Ergosterol peroxide | * | * | - | * | * | * |
| Cordycepin | 8.13 ± 0.24 c | 25.8 ± 0.8 a | - | 25.9 ± 0.1 a | 20.5 ± 0.1 b | 7.03 ± 0.01 d |
| Lovastatin | * | nd | - | * | * | nd |
| Ergothioneine | 2.94 ± 0.01 c | 1.82 ± 0.13 d | - | 8.53 ± 0.50 a | 5.95 ± 0.20 b | 1.43 ± 0.01 d |
| L-Phenylalanine | 18.4 ± 0.4 a | nd | - | nd | nd | nd |
n = 3; *—trace amount; nd—not detected; -—not marked; % DPPH—represents percentage of DPPH reduction; total phenolic content was calculated based on the calibration curve of gallic acid and expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), in mg/100 g d.w. of mushroom material. Values in a row followed by different letters are different at p ≤ 0.05 with comparison performed with Tukey’s test. Each value represents the mean of three replicates ± standard deviation.