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. 2022 Oct 14;11(10):2025. doi: 10.3390/antiox11102025

Table 1.

Summarized list of the most relevant phenolic compounds in the parts that make up Grape Pomace (skins, seeds, stems).

Chemical Structure Phenolic Compounds Grape Pomace References
Flavonoid Procyanidins (polymers of catechin), flavan-3-ol monomers; catechin, epicatechin and oligomers (B1, B2, B3, B4 and the trimer C1) Seeds and skins [70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77]
Prodelphinidins (polymers of gallocatechin), gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate Skins [74,76,77,78]
Anthocyanins; malvidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and petunidin-3-O-glucoside Skins and pulp [24,71,73,75,79]
Flavonols (quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, myricetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, laricitrin 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, and syringetin3-O-glucoside) Seeds and skins [80,81,82]
Non-Flavonoid Hydroxybenzoic acids (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid) Seeds, skins and stems [83,84]
Stilbenes (glucosides piceid, resveratrol, astringin, viniferin) Stems, seeds skins [73,85,86]
Hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic acid, caftaric acid, p-coumaric acid, fertaric acid) Skins, seeds and stems [85,87]